If you are thinking about setting up a business, and need it done quickly and easily with no additional requirements, then this package is the perfect choice.
This package is a cheap and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London for the duration of one year.
This package is a not expensive and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London and a nominee secretary for the duration of one year.
This package is one of the most cost effective and the efficient way to start a UK company, which includes a registered office address in London, a nominee secretary, and a nominee director for the duration of one year.
E-quick*
£32.00
Economy
£82.00
Premier
£207.00
Deluxe
£557.00
Usefull links
Further information
Private company limited by shares
No Annual Charges
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £50.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £175.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £525.00
Usefull links
Further information
Private Company Limited by Shares:
A private company limited by shares in England and Wales must have at least one director, one shareholder, and may have a secretary.
You need at least one person to form this type of company. If there is only one director, and that director is a natural person in your company, that director can also act as the secretary.
A company must have at least one director who is a natural person. This requirement is met if the office of director is held by a natural person as a corporation sole or otherwise by virtue of an office.
You can register a sole director' company, if you are familiar with the secretaries duties and responsibilities, because all of them belongs to a sole director.
The directors and secretary of your company can also be shareholders.
The Companies Act imposes no restriction on the minimum age of company directors. However Companies House will actively discourage the appointment of anyone under the age of 16 from taking up a company directorship on the grounds that the individuals concerned may not fully understand the legal liabilities that go with the position and for the most part will not have the experience necessary to perform the duties of a company director.
Under the Companies Act 2006, there is no restriction on any or all of the members/shareholders being from an overseas country (i.e. outside the United Kingdom in terms of residency, domicile, citizenship, place of incorporation or all or any of those concepts).
There is no requirement for the officers of your company to be UK citizens or residents, nor for them to hold valid work permits.
Owning, or being an officer of a UK company does not, however, grant you any right to live or work in the UK if you are a foreign national.
Your company must have a registered office address within England or Wales; this is the official address of your company and will be on the public record as such.
Your company must hold its official company documents at its registered office address: its register of shareholders, and its constitutional documents.
So long as you maintain a registered office address in England or Wales, you can conduct your business from any place in the world: you do not have to run your business from your registered office address.
Coddan offers company formation, ready-made company registration for UK limited companies.
We offer electronic filing enterprises & registering corporation services. In addition to
business registrations, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, toll-free
numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for UK limited companies.
You are an accountant for whom company establishment is a frequent activity or an individual
ordering your first company registrations. Start a company by incorporating or forming a LTD,
PLC or LLP at Coddan. Learn about incorporation & how to incorporate your business
online: register a business name, company registration, business registration numbers, company
house web filing - business name registration check. Whether you start-up online, register
London business or form a corporation Scotland, we can help you understand the business start-up
process for filing LTD United Kingdom.
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Incorporate or form an LLC – online: company registrar
United Kingdom, limited company formations & corporation registration, electronically LLC
online, very easy and informative. In addition to private companies Great Britain, we offer
trademark registration, shareholder agreements, 0870 numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for English companies. Information to help start,
grow or manage a small business. If you are starting a business Edinburgh or starting own business Northern Ireland, read our starting business Republic of Ireland guide.
Home business and small business training and ideas site to help you start Belfast, grow, and expand a home-based business or search for the work at home job right.
An outline of the general steps for incorporation in Great Britain, explaining how to incorporate your business Dublin, from choosing where to incorporate your business.
UK ready-made company formation services and company registrations online, our offices keep a stock of ready made companies, and would be happy to supply details on request.
We offer offshore ready-made companies in different jurisdictions, readymade offshore companies also called as offshore shelf companies, shelf off-shore companies for sale:
starting applying for a business name, business name registration partnership, grants for
starting a business and starting a business from home.
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Open company same-day and offshore setting-up services using our online starting-up service for
Limited Liability Company Offshore companies. Start enjoying the tax benefits and personal
liability protection that forming a corporation or Limited Liability Company (LLC) provides.
Offshore company incorporation, offshore checking and offshore saving accounts, offshore time
deposits, offshore mutual funds, offshore money market accounts and offshore asset protection
provided by Coddan. Company formations, limited company formations, electronic incorporations,
company formation agents, paperless company registrar, electronic companies filing, United
Kingdom limited company, setting corporation Ireland, business incorporation Scotland, open
company England, London company registration, electronic companies filing, British companies
registrars, business consultants, company law, public limited company, plc, international
companies, ltd, inc, limited liability, enterprise, organization, organization, tax, taxation,
England, firm, partnership, trade, profession, contractors, business, private limited company,
limited by shares, ready-made companies, readymade company, aged company, off the shelf
company, shelf companies list.
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Specializes in company registration and secretarial services.
Provides list of shelf company, services and cost quotation, business name registration,
company house direct, starting a business - sole trader business registration.
This is actually a pretty good reason to incorporate in Delaware or Nevada. In fact, you could
be a foreigner from Lebanon, never setting foot on American soil, form a Delaware corporation
and no one would know who you are! However, many states will require the owners and/or officers
and/or directors information while operating in that state (as a foreign corp.). Besides,
how many small businesses require anonymity? Incorporate, incorporation, incorporating,
incorporation services, incorporating services, incorporate Wyoming business online,
incorporating Oregon business, New York LLC formation, Louisiana limited liability corporation,
Texas articles of incorporation, Florida company incorporation, California non profit
corporation, corporate name search offshore, BVI corporate name availability, Seychelles
corporate name registration.
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Learn about incorporation services UK and incorporate London
online: starting your own business, business ideas, starting a business on ebay or buying a
business with legal requirements for starting a business. Online England company formations,
online company London W1 formation, Glasgow formation agent, Liverpool formations agent,
Scottish companies house, forming a company Scotland, starting a business Wales, form a
limited company Oxford, United Kingdom business registration agents, online Great Britain
company registration. E-Business, small business, business structures defined: the limited
liability company business structures defined: the limited liability company IRS treatment of
the one-member LLC. An LLC with only one member / owner is automatically considered to be a
sole proprietorship unless an election is made to be treated as a corporation. Thus, the sole
member of an LLC will file (Form 1040), (U.S. Individual Income Tax Return), ideas for starting
a business, grants for starting a business, starting a business from home, starting your own
business - business ideas, starting a business on ebay, buying a business: legal requirements
for starting a business, ideas for starting a business.
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A business may be conducted by a company
as an entity in its own right and comes into existence by incorporation under companies
legislation which also regulates the running of the company and sets out the duties of its
officers. In recent years trading trusts have been commonly used as the structure for carrying
on a business with their main objective of tax minimization. A trust requires a trustee to act
on behalf of a trust and it has been preferable to have a company newly incorporated to act as
the trustee as it is believed that this limits the liability of the trust to the paid-up capital
of the Trustee Company. A trust is formed by a gift or settlement being made to the trustee on
behalf of the, as yet unformed, trust. A solicitor draws up a Trust Deed setting out the powers
and formalizing the administration of the trust. The trust has beneficiaries rather than
shareholders as in a company, who are entitled to distributions of capital and/or income and
these distributions, are controlled by the trustee.
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The distribution made to beneficiaries are
subject to income tax as part of their personal income and are liable for provisional tax on
these distributions. Citizens and residents of other countries may incorporate in the United
Kingdom through the standard incorporation procedures set forth by each state. Provides UK
company formations, trademark registration, registered office facilities and company secretary
services. Professional company formation, register your company online, we may establish new
business at one day. An online guide to starting up and expanding your business.
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This is one of our most popular packages with worldwide customers, and includes: -
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Our Deluxe package is a fast and easy option, it is ideal for the UK, EU, and international small to medium businesses who wish to appoint a nominee director and a nominee secretary in order to maintain the anonymity of the real owner, and it includes: -
Incorporation of your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses in London, our nominee director and nominee secretary. We can appoint your own candidate(s) to the role of shareholder(s), or you can appoint a nominee sharholder provided by Coddan;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
The following two hard bound copies of corporate documents, will be send by post to you upon formation of your private limited company: -
A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
Share certificates, and your company register;
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director;
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
The agreement for the provision of nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
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This is our most popular package with the UK residents, and includes: -
The registration of your company from scratch using your own registered office address,
and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -
A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
*If you do not have an a valid address in the UK, which can be used as the registered office address for your company, please check our Economy package. The non-UK address cannot be acceptable as the office address for the UK company.
This is our most popular package with the UK and EU residents, and includes: -
The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -
A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -
The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The incorporation your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a members;
The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
An original certificate of incorporation
A hard bound copy of the memorandum & articles of association
The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
A completed register of directors and members;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal.
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The registration your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint our own candidates to the role of a nominee director and a nominee member;
The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for one year are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
A completed register of directors and members
The provision of a nominee member for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee member service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
A completed register of directors and members;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal.
Pre-signed, undated letters of resignation from a nominee director and a nominee member;
A general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
A declaration of trust from a nominee member;
An indemnity letter for the power of attorney;
A nominee agreement which provides for the indemnification of the nominees.
This is another one of our most popular packages for small and medium size businesses, such as those being run by a sole director from home, and for companies owned by overseas residents who still need a local registered office address, but would rather not open a local office in the UK;
This package is often chosen by such customers, who are looking to minimise a sole director' personal liability (and who are not quite familiar with the UK corporate legislation), because this package includes thye provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months. This package is also includes: -
The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
The following hard bound copy of the corporate documents, will be send by post to you, upon formation of your private limited company: -
A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
Share certificates, and your company register.
This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -
The formation of a limited partnership usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The incorporation your BVI offshore limited partnership from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a general partner;
The government and initiation fees for registration are included in the price of this package;
The search for a limited partnership name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
The preparation and submission of the partnership agreement;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee limited partner for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee limited partner service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your offshore company: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the partnership agreement;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of partners;
A completed register of partners;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal;
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee limited partner (additional fee applies);
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee limited partner;
The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
1.(1) The continuity of the law relating to VAT shall not be affected by the substitution of this Act for the enactments repealed by this Act and earlier enactments repealed by and corresponding to any of those enactments ("the repealed enactments").
(2) Any reference, whether express or implied, in any enactment, instrument or document (including this Act or any Act amended by this Act) to, or to things done or falling to be done under or for the purposes of, any provision of this Act shall, if and so far as the nature of the reference permits, be construed as including, in relation to the times, years or periods, circumstances or purposes in relation to which the corresponding provision in the repealed enactments has or had effect, a reference to, or as the case may be, to things done or falling to be done under or for the purposes of, that corresponding provision.
(3) Any reference, whether express or implied, in any enactment, instrument or document (including the repealed enactments and enactments, instruments and documents passed or made or otherwise coming into existence after the commencement of this Act) to, or to things done or falling to be done under or for the purposes of, any of the repealed enactments shall, if and so far as the nature of the reference permits, be construed as including, in relation to the times, years or periods, circumstances or purposes in relation to which the corresponding provision of this Act has effect, a reference to, or as the case may be to things done or falling to be done under or for the purposes of, that corresponding provision.
(4) Without prejudice to paragraphs (1) to (3) above, in any case where as respects the charge to VAT on any supply, acquisition or importation made at a time before 1st September 1994 but falling in a prescribed accounting period to which Part I applies
(a) an enactment applicable to that charge to VAT is not re-enacted in this Act or is re-enacted with amendments which came into force after that time, or
(b) a repealed enactment corresponding to an enactment in this Act did not apply to that charge to VAT,
any question arising under Part I and relating to that charge to VAT shall continue to be determined in accordance with the law in force at that time.
Validity of subordinate legislation
2. So far as this Act re-enacts any provision contained in a statutory instrument made in exercise of powers conferred by any Act, it shall be without prejudice to the validity of that provision, and any question as to its validity shall be determined as if the re-enacted provision were contained in a statutory instrument made under those powers.
Provisions related to the introduction of VAT
3. Where a vehicle in respect of which purchase tax was remitted under section 23 of the [1963 c. 9.] Purchase Tax Act 1963 (vehicles for use outside the United Kingdom) is brought back to the United Kingdom the vehicle shall not, when brought back, be treated as imported for the purpose of VAT chargeable on the importation of goods.
Supply in accordance with pre-21.4.75 arrangements
4. Where there were in force immediately before 21st April 1975 arrangements between the Commissioners and any taxable person for supplies made by him (or such supplies made by him as were specified in the arrangements) to be treated as taking place at times or on dates which, had section 6(10) been in force when the arrangements were made, could have been provided for by a direction under that section, he shall be treated for the purposes of that section as having requested the Commissioners to give a direction thereunder to the like effect, and the Commissioners may give a direction (or a general direction applying to cases of any class or description specified in the direction) accordingly.
President, chairmen etc of tribunals
5.(1) Any appointment to a panel of chairmen of the tribunals current at the commencement of this Act and made by the Treasury before the passing of the 1983 Act shall not be affected by the repeal by this Act of paragraph 8 of Schedule 10 to that Act.
(2) The terms of appointment of any person who was appointed to the office of President of the tribunal or chairman or other member of the tribunals before 1st April 1986 and holds that office on the coming into force of this Act shall continue to have effect notwithstanding the re-enactment, as Schedule 12 to this Act, of Schedule 8 to the 1983 Act as amended by Schedule 8 to the [1985 c. 54.] Finance Act 1985.
Overseas suppliers accounting through their customers
6. Notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of section 32B of the 1983 Act, that section shall continue to apply in relation to any supply in relation to which section 14 does not apply by virtue of section 14(8), and for the purposes to this paragraph section 32B shall have effect as if it were included in Part III of this Act, any reference in section 32B to any enactment repealed by this Act being read as a reference to the corresponding provision of this Act.
Supplies of fuel and power for domestic or charity use
7.(1) Section 2 shall have effect in relation to
(a) so much of any supply made on or after 1st April 1994 and before 1st April 1995 as would be zero-rated if the Group set out in sub-paragraph (3) below were included in Schedule 8; and
(b) any equivalent acquisition or importation taking place on or after 1st April 1994 and before 1st April 1995,
as if a rate of 8 per cent. were substituted for the rate specified in subsection (1) of that section.
(2) The reference in sub-paragraph (1) above to an equivalent acquisition or importation, in relation to any supply which would be zero-rated if the Group set out in sub-paragraph (3) below were included in Schedule 8, is a reference, as the case may be, to
(a) any acquisition from another member State of goods the supply of which would be such a supply; or
(b) any importation from a place outside the member States of any such goods.
(3) The Group referred to above is the following
Group 4A
Fuel and power for domestic or charity use
Item No.
1. Supplies for qualifying use of
(a) coal, coke or other solid substances held out for sale solely as fuel;
(b) coal gas, water gas, producer gases or similar gases;
(c) petroleum gases, or other gaseous hydrocarbons, whether in a gaseous or liquid state;
(d) fuel oil, gas oil or kerosene; or
(e) electricity, heat or air-conditioning.
Notes:
(1) "Qualifying use" means
(a) domestic use; or
(b) use by a charity otherwise than in the course or furtherance of a business.
(2) The following supplies are always for domestic use
(a) a supply of not more than one tonne of coal or coke held out for sale as domestic fuel;
(b) a supply of wood, peat or charcoal not intended for sale by the recipient;
(c) a supply to a person at any premises of piped gas (that is, gas within paragraph (b) of item 1, or of petroleum gas in a gaseous state, provided through pipes) where the gas (together with any other piped gas provided to him at the premises by the same supplier) was not provided at a rate exceeding 150 therms a month or, if the supplier charges for the gas by reference to the number of kilowatt hours supplied, 4397 kilowatt hours a month;
(d) a supply of petroleum gas in a liquid state where the gas is supplied in cylinders the net weight of each of which is less than 50 kilogrammes and either the number of cylinders supplied is 20 or fewer or the gas is not intended for sale by the recipient;
(e) a supply of petroleum gas in a liquid state, otherwise than in cylinders, to a person at any premises at which he is not able to store more than two tonnes of such gas;
(f) a supply of not more than 2,300 litres of fuel oil, gas oil or kerosene;
(g) a supply of electricity to a person at any premises where the electricity (together with any other electricity provided to him at the premises by the same supplier) was not provided at a rate exceeding 1000 kilowatt hours a month.
(3) Supplies not within Note (2) are for domestic use if and only if the goods supplied are for use in
(a) a building, or part of a building, which consists of a dwelling or number of dwellings;
(b) a building, or part of a building, used for a relevant residential purpose;
(c) self-catering holiday accommodation;
(d) a caravan; or
(e) a houseboat.
(4) Use for a relevant residential purpose means use as
(a) a home or other institution providing residential accommodation for children;
(b) a home or other institution providing residential accommodation with personal care for persons in need of personal care by reason of old age, disablement, past or present dependence on alcohol or drugs or past or present mental disorder;
(c) a hospice;
(d) residential accommodation for students or school pupils;
(e) residential accommodation for members of any of the armed forces;
(f) a monastery, nunnery or similar establishment; or
(g) an institution which is the sole or main residence of at least 90 per cent. of its residents,
except use as a hospital, a prison or similar institution or an hotel or inn or similar establishment.
(5) Self-catering holiday accommodation includes any accommodation advertised or held out as such.
(6) "Houseboat" means a boat or other floating decked structure designed or adapted for use solely as a place of permanent habitation and not having means of, or capable of being readily adapted for, self-propulsion.
(7) Where there is a supply of goods partly for qualifying use and partly not
(a) if at least 60 per cent. of the goods are supplied for qualifying use, the whole supply shall be treated as a supply for qualifying use; and
(b) in any other case, an apportionment shall be made to determine the extent to which the supply is a supply for qualifying use.
(8) Paragraph (a) of item 1 shall be deemed to include combustible materials put up for sale for kindling fires but shall not include matches.
(9) Paragraphs (b) and (c) of item 1 do not include any road fuel gas (within the meaning of the Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979) on which a duty of excise has been charged or is chargeable.
(10) Paragraph (d) of item 1 does not include hydrocarbon oil on which a duty of excise has been or is to be charged without relief from, or rebate of, such duty by virtue of the provisions of the Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979.
(11) "Fuel oil" means heavy oil which contains in solution an amount of asphaltenes of not less than 0.5 per cent. or which contains less than 0.5 per cent. but not less than 0.1 per cent. of asphaltenes and has a closed flash point not exceeding 150°C.
(12) "Gas oil" means heavy oil of which not more than 50 per cent. by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 240°C and of which more than 50 per cent. by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 340°C.
(13) "Kerosene" means heavy oil of which more than 50 per cent. by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 240°C.
(14) "Heavy oil" shall have the same meaning as in the Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979.
Zero-rated supplies of goods and services
8.(1) A supply of services made after the commencement of this Act in pursuance of a legally binding obligation incurred before 21st June 1988 shall if
(a) the supply fell within item 2 of Group 8A of Schedule 5 to the 1983 Act immediately before 1st April 1989, and
(b) it was by virtue of paragraph 13(1) of Schedule 3 to the [1989 c. 26.] Finance Act 1989 a zero-rated supply,
be a zero-rated supply for the purposes of this Act.
(2) Where a grant, assignment or other supply is zero-rated by virtue of this paragraph, it is not a relevant zero-rated supply for the purposes of paragraph 1 of Schedule 10.
Bad debt relief
9.(1) Claims for refunds of VAT relating to supplies made before 27th July 1990 may continue to be made in accordance with section 22 of the 1983 Act notwithstanding the repeal of that section by the [1990 c. 29.] Finance Act 1990.
(2) Claims for refunds of VAT relating to supplies made after 31st March 1989 and before the commencement of this Act may be made in accordance with section 36 of this Act but
(a) a claim shall not be made under section 36 in relation to any supply as respects which a claim is made under section of the 1983 Act, and
(b) in relation to supplies made before 1st April 1992 subsection (1)(c) of that section shall have effect with the substitution of "one year" for "6 months".
Supplies during construction of buildings and works
10.(1) Nothing in paragraphs 5 and 6 of Schedule 10 shall apply
(a) in relation to a person who has constructed a building if he incurred before 21st June 1988 a legally binding obligation to make a grant or assignment of a major interest in, or in any part of, the building or its site;
(b) in relation to a building or work if there was incurred before that date a legally binding obligation to make in relation to the building or work a supply within item 2 of Group 8 of Schedule 5 to the 1983 Act;
(c) in relation to a person who has constructed a building if
(i) he incurred before that date a legally binding obligation to construct the building or any development of which it forms part, and
(ii) planning permission for the construction of the building was granted before that date, and
(iii) he has made a grant or assignment of a major interest in, or in any part of, the building or its site before 21st June 1993.
(2) Sub-paragraph (1) above shall not apply in any case where the Commissioners required proof of any of the matters specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (c)(i) above to be given to their satisfaction by the production of documents made before 21st June 1988 and that requirement was not complied with.
Offences and Penalties
11. Where an offence for the continuation of which a penalty was provided has been committed under an enactment repealed by this Act, proceedings may be taken under this Act in respect of the continuance of the offence after the commencement of this Act in the same manner as if the offence had been committed under the corresponding provision of this Act.
12. Part IV of this Act, except section 72, shall not apply in relation to any act done or omitted to be done before 25th July 1985, and the following provision of this Schedule shall have effect accordingly.
13.(1) Section 72 shall have effect in relation to any offence committed or alleged to have been committed at any time ("the relevant time") before the commencement of this Act subject to the following provisions of this paragraph.
(2) Where the relevant time falls between 25th July 1983 and 26th July 1985 (the dates of passing of the 1983 and 1985 Finance Acts respectively), section 72 shall apply
(a) with the substitution in subsection (1)(b), (3)(ii) and (8)(b) of "2 years" for "7 years"
(b) with the omission of subsections (2) and (4) to (7).
14.(1) The provisions of this paragraph have effect in relation to section 59.
(2) Section 59 shall apply in any case where a person is in default in respect of a prescribed accounting period which has ended before the commencement of this Act, but shall have effect in any case where the last day referred to in subsection (1) of that section falls before 1st October 1993 subject to the following modifications
(a) for the words "a prescribed accounting period" in subsection (2)(a) there shall be substituted "any two prescribed accounting periods"
(b) with the addition of the following paragraph in subsection (2)
" (aa) the last day of the later one of those periods falls on or before the first anniversary of the last day of the earlier one; and"
;
(c) for the words "period referred to in paragraph (a)" in subsection (2)(b) there shall be substituted "later period referred to in paragraph (aa)" and
(d) for the words "a default in respect of a prescribed accounting period and that period" in subsection (3) there shall be substituted "defaults in respect of two prescribed accounting periods and the second of those periods".
(3) Section 59 shall have effect, in any case where a person has been served with a surcharge liability notice and that person is in default in respect of a prescribed accounting period because of a failure of the Commissioners to receive a return or an amount of VAT on or before a day falling before 30th September 1993 with the omission of
(a) subsection (4)(b);
(b) the words in subsection (5) "and for which he has outstanding VAT" and
(c) subsection (6).
15.(1) Section 63 does not apply in relation to returns and assessments made for prescribed accounting periods beginning before 1st April 1990 but subject to that shall have effect in relation to the cases referred to in the following sub-paragraphs subject to the modifications there specified.
(2) Subsection (1) shall have effect in a case falling within paragraph (b) of that subsection where the assessment was made on or before 10th March 1992 with the substitution of "20 per cent." for "15 per cent.".
(3) In relation to any prescribed accounting period beginning before 1st December 1993 section 63 shall have effect with the substitution
(a) for the words in subsection (2) following "exceeds" of "either 30 per cent. of the true amount of the VAT for that period or whichever is the greater of £10,000 and 5 per cent. of the true amount of VAT for that period." and with the omission of subsections (4) to (6); and
(b) for the words in subsection (8) from "subsections" to "statements" of "subsection (7) that the statement by each of those returns is a correct statement".
(4) In relation to any prescribed accounting period beginning before 1st June 1994 section 63 shall have effect with the substitution for subsection (3) of the following subsection
"(3) Any reference in this section to the VAT for a prescribed accounting period which would have been lost if an inaccuracy had not been discovered is a reference to the aggregate of
(a) the amount (if any) by which credit for input tax for that period was overstated; and
(b) the amount (if any) by which output tax for that period was understated;
but if for any period there is an understatement of credit for input tax or an overstatement of output tax, allowance shall be made for that error in determining the VAT for that period which would have been so lost."
and in subsection (8) for "this section" there shall be substituted "subsections (5) and (7) above".
16.(1) In relation to any prescribed accounting period beginning before 1st December 1993 section 64 shall have effect subject to the following modifications
(a) in subsection (1)(b) for the words from "whichever" to "period" there shall be substituted "whichever is the greater of £100 and 1 per cent. of the true amount of VAT for that period"
(b) for subsections (2) and (3) there shall be substituted
"(2) Subsection (3) below applies in any case where
(a) there is a material inaccuracy in respect of any two prescribed accounting periods, and
(b) the last day of the later one of those periods falls on or before the second anniversary of the last day of the earlier one, and
(c) after 29th July 1988 the Commissioners serve notice on the person concerned ("a penalty liability notice") specifying as a penalty period for the purposes of this section a period beginning on the date of the notice and ending on the second anniversary of that date.
(3) If there is a material inaccuracy in respect of a prescribed accounting period ending within the penalty period specified in a penalty liability notice served on the person concerned that person shall be liable to a penalty equal to 15 per cent. of the VAT for that period which would have been lost if the inaccuracy had not been discovered."
;
(c) in subsection (4) for "(5)" there shall be substituted "(7)" and
(d) in subsection (6) the words from "except" to the end shall be omitted.
(2) A penalty liability notice shall not be served under section 64 by reference to any material inaccuracy in respect of a prescribed accounting period beginning before 1st December 1993, and the penalty period specified in any penalty liability notice served before that day shall be deemed to end with the day before that day.
17. Section 70 shall not apply in relation to any penalty to which a person has been assessed before 27th July 1993 and in the case of any penalty in relation to which that section does not apply by virtue of this paragraph, section 60 shall have effect subject to the following modifications
(a) in subsection (1) for "subsection (6)" there shall be substituted "subsections (3A) and (6)"
(b) after subsection (3) there shall be inserted
"(3A) If a person liable to a penalty under this section has co-operated with the Commissioners in the investigation of his true liability to tax or, as the case may be, of his true entitlement to any payment, refund or repayment, the Commissioners or, on appeal, a tribunal may reduce the penalty to an amount which is not less than half what it would have been apart from this subsection; and in determining the extent of any reduction under this subsection, the Commissioners or tribunal shall have regard to the extent of the co-operation which the person concerned has given to the Commissioners in their investigation."
;
(c) in subsection (4)(b) for the words from "under" to "this section" there shall be substituted "to reduce a penalty under this section, as provided in subsection (4) above, and, in determining the extent of such a reduction in the case of any person, the Commissioners or tribunal will have regard to the extent of the co-operation which he has given to the Commissioners in their investigation"
and in section 61(6) for "70" there shall be substituted
"60(3A)"
.
18. Section 74 shall not apply in relation to prescribed accounting periods beginning before 1st April 1990 and subsection (3) of that section shall not apply in relation to interest on amounts assessed or, as the case may be, paid before 1st October 1993.
Importation of goods
19. Nothing in this Act shall prejudice the effect of the [S.I. 1992/3261 (C.102).] Finance (No.2) Act 1992 (Commencement No.4 and Transitional Provisions) Order 1992 and accordingly
(a) where Article 4 of that Order applies immediately before the commencement of this Act in relation to any importation of goods, that Article and the legislation repealed by this Act shall continue to apply in relation to that importation as if this Act had not been enacted, and
(b) where Article 5 of that Order applies in relation to any goods, this Act shall apply in relation to those goods in accordance with that Article and Article 6 of that Order.
Assessments
20. An assessment may be made under section 73 in relation to amounts paid or credited before the commencement of this Act but
(a) in relation to an amount paid or credited before 30th July 1990 section 73(2) shall have effect with the omission of the words from "or which" to "out to be", and
(b) in relation to amounts repaid or paid to any person before the passing of the [1982 c. 39.] Finance Act 1982 section 73 shall have effect with the omission of subsection (2).
Set-off of credits
21. Section 81 shall have effect in relation to amounts becoming due before 10th May 1994 with the omission of subsections (4) and (5).
VAT tribunals
22.(1) Without prejudice to paragraph 1 above, section 83 applies to things done or omitted to be done before the coming into force of this Act and accordingly references in Part V to any provision of this Act includes a reference to the corresponding provision of the enactments repealed by this Act or by any enactment repealed by such an enactment.
(2) Section 84 shall have effect before such day as may be appointed for the purposes of section 18(3) of the [1994 c. 9.] Finance Act 1994 with the substitution for subsection (5) of the following subsection
"(5) No appeal shall lie with respect to any matter that has been or could have been referred to arbitration under section 127 of the Management Act as applied by section 16."
Isle of Man
23. Nothing in paragraph 7 of Schedule 14 shall affect the validity of any Order made under section 6 of the [1979 c. 58] Isle of Man Act 1979 and, without prejudice to section 17 of the [1978 c. 30.] Interpretation Act 1978, for any reference in any such Order to any enactment repealed by this Act there shall be substituted a reference to the corresponding provision of this Act.
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