If you are thinking about setting up a business, and need it done quickly and easily with no additional requirements, then this package is the perfect choice.
This package is a cheap and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London for the duration of one year.
This package is a not expensive and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London and a nominee secretary for the duration of one year.
This package is one of the most cost effective and the efficient way to start a UK company, which includes a registered office address in London, a nominee secretary, and a nominee director for the duration of one year.
E-quick*
£32.00
Economy
£82.00
Premier
£207.00
Deluxe
£557.00
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Further information
Private company limited by shares
No Annual Charges
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £50.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £175.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £525.00
Usefull links
Further information
Private Company Limited by Shares:
A private company limited by shares in England and Wales must have at least one director, one shareholder, and may have a secretary.
You need at least one person to form this type of company. If there is only one director, and that director is a natural person in your company, that director can also act as the secretary.
A company must have at least one director who is a natural person. This requirement is met if the office of director is held by a natural person as a corporation sole or otherwise by virtue of an office.
You can register a sole director' company, if you are familiar with the secretaries duties and responsibilities, because all of them belongs to a sole director.
The directors and secretary of your company can also be shareholders.
The Companies Act imposes no restriction on the minimum age of company directors. However Companies House will actively discourage the appointment of anyone under the age of 16 from taking up a company directorship on the grounds that the individuals concerned may not fully understand the legal liabilities that go with the position and for the most part will not have the experience necessary to perform the duties of a company director.
Under the Companies Act 2006, there is no restriction on any or all of the members/shareholders being from an overseas country (i.e. outside the United Kingdom in terms of residency, domicile, citizenship, place of incorporation or all or any of those concepts).
There is no requirement for the officers of your company to be UK citizens or residents, nor for them to hold valid work permits.
Owning, or being an officer of a UK company does not, however, grant you any right to live or work in the UK if you are a foreign national.
Your company must have a registered office address within England or Wales; this is the official address of your company and will be on the public record as such.
Your company must hold its official company documents at its registered office address: its register of shareholders, and its constitutional documents.
So long as you maintain a registered office address in England or Wales, you can conduct your business from any place in the world: you do not have to run your business from your registered office address.
Coddan offers company formation, ready-made company registration for UK limited companies.
We offer electronic filing enterprises & registering corporation services. In addition to
business registrations, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, toll-free
numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for UK limited companies.
You are an accountant for whom company establishment is a frequent activity or an individual
ordering your first company registrations. Start a company by incorporating or forming a LTD,
PLC or LLP at Coddan. Learn about incorporation & how to incorporate your business
online: register a business name, company registration, business registration numbers, company
house web filing - business name registration check. Whether you start-up online, register
London business or form a corporation Scotland, we can help you understand the business start-up
process for filing LTD United Kingdom.
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Incorporate or form an LLC – online: company registrar
United Kingdom, limited company formations & corporation registration, electronically LLC
online, very easy and informative. In addition to private companies Great Britain, we offer
trademark registration, shareholder agreements, 0870 numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for English companies. Information to help start,
grow or manage a small business. If you are starting a business Edinburgh or starting own business Northern Ireland, read our starting business Republic of Ireland guide.
Home business and small business training and ideas site to help you start Belfast, grow, and expand a home-based business or search for the work at home job right.
An outline of the general steps for incorporation in Great Britain, explaining how to incorporate your business Dublin, from choosing where to incorporate your business.
UK ready-made company formation services and company registrations online, our offices keep a stock of ready made companies, and would be happy to supply details on request.
We offer offshore ready-made companies in different jurisdictions, readymade offshore companies also called as offshore shelf companies, shelf off-shore companies for sale:
starting applying for a business name, business name registration partnership, grants for
starting a business and starting a business from home.
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Open company same-day and offshore setting-up services using our online starting-up service for
Limited Liability Company Offshore companies. Start enjoying the tax benefits and personal
liability protection that forming a corporation or Limited Liability Company (LLC) provides.
Offshore company incorporation, offshore checking and offshore saving accounts, offshore time
deposits, offshore mutual funds, offshore money market accounts and offshore asset protection
provided by Coddan. Company formations, limited company formations, electronic incorporations,
company formation agents, paperless company registrar, electronic companies filing, United
Kingdom limited company, setting corporation Ireland, business incorporation Scotland, open
company England, London company registration, electronic companies filing, British companies
registrars, business consultants, company law, public limited company, plc, international
companies, ltd, inc, limited liability, enterprise, organization, organization, tax, taxation,
England, firm, partnership, trade, profession, contractors, business, private limited company,
limited by shares, ready-made companies, readymade company, aged company, off the shelf
company, shelf companies list.
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Specializes in company registration and secretarial services.
Provides list of shelf company, services and cost quotation, business name registration,
company house direct, starting a business - sole trader business registration.
This is actually a pretty good reason to incorporate in Delaware or Nevada. In fact, you could
be a foreigner from Lebanon, never setting foot on American soil, form a Delaware corporation
and no one would know who you are! However, many states will require the owners and/or officers
and/or directors information while operating in that state (as a foreign corp.). Besides,
how many small businesses require anonymity? Incorporate, incorporation, incorporating,
incorporation services, incorporating services, incorporate Wyoming business online,
incorporating Oregon business, New York LLC formation, Louisiana limited liability corporation,
Texas articles of incorporation, Florida company incorporation, California non profit
corporation, corporate name search offshore, BVI corporate name availability, Seychelles
corporate name registration.
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Learn about incorporation services UK and incorporate London
online: starting your own business, business ideas, starting a business on ebay or buying a
business with legal requirements for starting a business. Online England company formations,
online company London W1 formation, Glasgow formation agent, Liverpool formations agent,
Scottish companies house, forming a company Scotland, starting a business Wales, form a
limited company Oxford, United Kingdom business registration agents, online Great Britain
company registration. E-Business, small business, business structures defined: the limited
liability company business structures defined: the limited liability company IRS treatment of
the one-member LLC. An LLC with only one member / owner is automatically considered to be a
sole proprietorship unless an election is made to be treated as a corporation. Thus, the sole
member of an LLC will file (Form 1040), (U.S. Individual Income Tax Return), ideas for starting
a business, grants for starting a business, starting a business from home, starting your own
business - business ideas, starting a business on ebay, buying a business: legal requirements
for starting a business, ideas for starting a business.
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A business may be conducted by a company
as an entity in its own right and comes into existence by incorporation under companies
legislation which also regulates the running of the company and sets out the duties of its
officers. In recent years trading trusts have been commonly used as the structure for carrying
on a business with their main objective of tax minimization. A trust requires a trustee to act
on behalf of a trust and it has been preferable to have a company newly incorporated to act as
the trustee as it is believed that this limits the liability of the trust to the paid-up capital
of the Trustee Company. A trust is formed by a gift or settlement being made to the trustee on
behalf of the, as yet unformed, trust. A solicitor draws up a Trust Deed setting out the powers
and formalizing the administration of the trust. The trust has beneficiaries rather than
shareholders as in a company, who are entitled to distributions of capital and/or income and
these distributions, are controlled by the trustee.
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The distribution made to beneficiaries are
subject to income tax as part of their personal income and are liable for provisional tax on
these distributions. Citizens and residents of other countries may incorporate in the United
Kingdom through the standard incorporation procedures set forth by each state. Provides UK
company formations, trademark registration, registered office facilities and company secretary
services. Professional company formation, register your company online, we may establish new
business at one day. An online guide to starting up and expanding your business.
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This is one of our most popular packages with worldwide customers, and includes: -
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Our Deluxe package is a fast and easy option, it is ideal for the UK, EU, and international small to medium businesses who wish to appoint a nominee director and a nominee secretary in order to maintain the anonymity of the real owner, and it includes: -
Incorporation of your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses in London, our nominee director and nominee secretary. We can appoint your own candidate(s) to the role of shareholder(s), or you can appoint a nominee sharholder provided by Coddan;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
The following two hard bound copies of corporate documents, will be send by post to you upon formation of your private limited company: -
A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
Share certificates, and your company register;
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director;
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
The agreement for the provision of nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
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This is our most popular package with the UK residents, and includes: -
The registration of your company from scratch using your own registered office address,
and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -
A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
*If you do not have an a valid address in the UK, which can be used as the registered office address for your company, please check our Economy package. The non-UK address cannot be acceptable as the office address for the UK company.
This is our most popular package with the UK and EU residents, and includes: -
The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -
A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -
The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The incorporation your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a members;
The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
An original certificate of incorporation
A hard bound copy of the memorandum & articles of association
The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
A completed register of directors and members;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal.
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The registration your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint our own candidates to the role of a nominee director and a nominee member;
The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for one year are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
A completed register of directors and members
The provision of a nominee member for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee member service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
A completed register of directors and members;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal.
Pre-signed, undated letters of resignation from a nominee director and a nominee member;
A general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
A declaration of trust from a nominee member;
An indemnity letter for the power of attorney;
A nominee agreement which provides for the indemnification of the nominees.
This is another one of our most popular packages for small and medium size businesses, such as those being run by a sole director from home, and for companies owned by overseas residents who still need a local registered office address, but would rather not open a local office in the UK;
This package is often chosen by such customers, who are looking to minimise a sole director' personal liability (and who are not quite familiar with the UK corporate legislation), because this package includes thye provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months. This package is also includes: -
The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
The following hard bound copy of the corporate documents, will be send by post to you, upon formation of your private limited company: -
A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
Share certificates, and your company register.
This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -
The formation of a limited partnership usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The incorporation your BVI offshore limited partnership from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a general partner;
The government and initiation fees for registration are included in the price of this package;
The search for a limited partnership name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
The preparation and submission of the partnership agreement;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee limited partner for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee limited partner service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your offshore company: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the partnership agreement;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of partners;
A completed register of partners;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal;
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee limited partner (additional fee applies);
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee limited partner;
The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
(a) in relation to a scheme, means approved by the Board under this Chapter; and
(b) in relation to arrangements, means made in accordance with a scheme which is for the time being, and was when the arrangements were made, an approved scheme;
but does not refer to cases in which approval has been withdrawn;
"authorised insurance company" means either—
(a) a person authorised under section 3 or 4 of the [1982 c. 50.] Insurance Companies Act 1982 to carry on long term business and acting through a branch or office in the United Kingdom; or
(b) a society registered as a friendly society under the [1974 c. 46.] Friendly Societies Act 1974 or the [1970 c. 31 (N.I.).] Friendly Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1970;
"member", in relation to a personal pension scheme, means an individual who makes arrangements in accordance with the scheme;
"personal pension arrangements" means arrangements made by an individual in accordance with a personal pension scheme;
"personal pension scheme" means a scheme whose sole purpose is the provision of annuities or lump sums under arrangements made by individuals in accordance with the scheme;
"scheme administrator" means the person referred to in section 638(1).
Approval of schemes.
631.—(1) An application to the Board for their approval of a personal pension scheme shall be in such form, shall contain such information, and shall be accompanied by such documents, in such form, as the Board may prescribe.
(2) The Board may at their discretion grant or refuse an application for approval of a personal pension scheme, but their discretion shall be subject to the restrictions set out in sections 632 to 638.
(3) The Board shall give notice to the applicant of the grant or refusal of an application; and in the case of a refusal the notice shall state the grounds for the refusal.
(4) If an amendment is made to an approved scheme without being approved by the Board, their approval of the scheme shall cease to have effect.
Restrictions on approval
Establishment of schemes.
632.—(1) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme established by any person other than—
(a) a person who is authorised under Chapter III of Part I of the [1986 c. 60.] Financial Services Act 1986 to carry on investment business and who carries on business of a kind mentioned in subsection (2) below;
(b) a building society within the meaning of the [1986 c. 53.] Building Societies Act 1986;
(c) an institution authorised under the [1987 c. 22.] Banking Act 1987;
(d) a recognised bank or licensed institution within the meaning of the [1979 c. 37.] Banking Act 1979.
(2) The kinds of business referred to in subsection (1)(a) above are—
(a) issuing insurance policies or annuity contracts;
(b) managing unit trust schemes authorised under section 78(1) of the Financial Services Act 1986.
(3) Subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to a scheme approved by the Board by virtue of section 620(5) if it was established before 4th January 1988.
(4) The Treasury may by order amend this section as it has effect for the time being.
Scope of benefits.
633.—(1) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme which makes provision for any benefit other than—
(a) the payment of an annuity satisfying the conditions in section 634;
(b) the payment to a member of a lump sum satisfying the conditions in section 635;
(c) the payment after the death of a member of an annuity satisfying the conditions in section 636;
(d) the payment on the death of a member of a lump sum satisfying either the conditions in section 637(1) or those in section 637(2).
(2) Subsection (1) above shall not prevent the approval of a scheme which makes provision for insurance against a risk relating to the non-payment of contributions.
Annuity to member.
634.—(1) The annuity must be payable by an authorised insurance company which may be chosen by the member.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) below, the annuity must not commence before the member attains the age of 50 or after he attains the age of 75.
(3) The annuity may commence before the member attains the age of 50 if—
(a) it is payable on his becoming incapable through infirmity of body or mind of carrying on his own occupation or any occupation of a similar nature for which he is trained or fitted; or
(b) the Board are satisfied that his occupation is one in which persons customarily retire before that age.
(4) Subject to subsection (5) below, the annuity must be payable to the member for his life.
(5) The annuity may continue for a term certain not exceeding ten years, notwithstanding the member's death within that term; and for this purpose an annuity shall be regarded as payable for a term certain notwithstanding that it may terminate, after the death of the member and before expiry of that term, on the happening of any of the following—
(a) the marriage of the annuitant;
(b) his attaining the age of 18;
(c) the later of his attaining that age and ceasing to be in full-time education.
(6) The annuity must not be capable of assignment or surrender, except that an annuity for a term certain may be assigned by will or by the annuitant's personal representatives in the distribution of his estate so as to give effect to a testamentary disposition, or to the rights of those entitled on an intestacy, or to an appropriation of it to a legacy or to a share or interest in the estate.
Lump sum to member.
635.—(1) The lump sum must be payable only if the member so elects on or before the date on which an annuity satisfying the conditions in section 634 is first payable to him under the arrangements made in accordance with the scheme.
(2) The lump sum must be payable when that annuity is first payable.
(3) The lump sum must not exceed one quarter of the total value, at the time when the lump sum is paid, of the benefits for the member provided for by the arrangements made by him in accordance with the scheme.
(4) The lump sum must not exceed £150,000 or such other sum as may for the time being be specified in an order made by the Treasury.
(5) The right to payment of the lump sum must not be capable of assignment or surrender.
Annuity after death of member.
636.—(1) The annuity must be payable by an authorised insurance company which may be chosen by the member or by the annuitant.
(2) The annuity must be payable to the surviving spouse of the member, or to a person who was at the member's death a dependant of his.
(3) The aggregate annual amount (or, if that amount varies, the aggregate of the initial annual amounts) of all annuities to which this section applies and which are payable under the same personal pension arrangements shall not exceed—
(a) where before his death the member was in receipt of an annuity under the arrangements, the annual amount (or, if it varied, the highest annual amount) of that annuity; or
(b) where paragraph (a) does not apply, the highest annual amount of the annuity that would have been payable under the arrangements to the member (ignoring any entitlement of his to commute part of it for a lump sum) if it had vested on the day before his death.
(4) Subject to subsections (5) to (9) below, the annuity must be payable for the life of the annuitant.
(5) Where the annuity is payable to the surviving spouse of the member and at the time of the member's death the surviving spouse is under the age of 60, the annuity may be deferred to a time not later than—
(a) the time when the surviving spouse attains that age; or
(b) where the member's annuity is payable to the surviving spouse for a term certain as mentioned in section 634(5) and the surviving spouse attains the age of 60 before the time when the member's annuity terminates, that time.
(6) The annuity may cease to be payable on the marriage of the annuitant.
(7) Where the annuity is payable to the surviving spouse of the member, it may cease before the death of the surviving spouse if—
(a) the member was survived by one or more dependants under the age of 18 and at the time of the member's death the surviving spouse was under the age of 45; and
(b) at some time before the surviving spouse attains that age no such dependant remains under the age of 18.
(8) Where the annuity is payable to a person who is under the age of 18 when it is first payable, it must cease to be payable either—
(a) on his attaining that age; or
(b) on the later of his attaining that age and ceasing to be in full-time education,
unless he was a dependant of the member otherwise than by reason only that he was under the age of 18.
(9) The annuity may continue for a term certain not exceeding ten years, notwithstanding the original annuitant's death within that term; and for this purpose an annuity shall be regarded as payable for a term certain notwithstanding that it may terminate, after the death of the original annuitant and before the expiry of that term, on the happening of any of the following—
(a) the marriage of the annuitant to whom it is payable;
(b) his attaining the age of 18;
(c) the later of his attaining that age and ceasing to be in full-time education.
(10) The annuity must not be capable of assignment or surrender, except that an annuity for a term certain may be assigned by will or by the annuitant's personal representatives in the distribution of his estate so as to give effect to a testamentary disposition, or to the rights of those entitled on an intestacy, or to an appropriation of it to a legacy or to a share or interest in the estate.
Lump sum on death of member.
637.—(1) The lump sum—
(a) must be payable by an authorised insurance company; and
(b) must be payable on the death of the member before he attains the age of 75.
(2) The lump sum—
(a) must be payable only if no annuity satisfying the conditions in either section 634 or section 636 has become payable; and
(b) subject to subsection (3) below, must represent no more than the return of contributions together with reasonable interest on contributions or bonuses out of profits.
(3) To the extent that contributions are invested in units under a unit trust scheme, the lump sum referred to in subsection (2) above may represent the sale or redemption price of the units.
Other restrictions on approval.
638.—(1) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme unless they are satisfied that there is a person resident in the United Kingdom who will be responsible for the management of the scheme.
(2) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme unless it makes such provision for the making, acceptance and application of transfer payments as satisfies any requirements imposed by or under regulations made by the Board.
(3) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme unless it makes provision, in relation to arrangements made in accordance with the scheme, for ensuring that—
(a) the aggregate amount of the contributions that may be made in a year of assessment by the member and an employer of his under the arrangements, together with the aggregate amounts of such contributions under other approved personal pension arrangements made by that member, does not exceed the permitted maximum for that year; and
(b) any excess is repaid to the member to the extent of his contributions and otherwise to his employer.
(4) In subsection (3) above "the permitted maximum" for a year of assessment means an amount equal to the aggregate of—
(a) the relevant percentage of the member's net relevant earnings for the year; and
(b) so much of any relief given under section 639(1) for that year as is given by virtue of section 642;
and references in subsection (3) to contributions by the member do not include references to contributions treated by virtue of section 649(3) as paid by him.
(5) In subsection (4) above "the relevant percentage" means 17.5 per cent. or, in a case where section 640(2) applies, the relevant percentage there specified.
(6) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme which permits the acceptance of contributions other than—
(a) contributions by members;
(b) contributions by employers of members;
(c) minimum contributions paid by the Secretary of State under Part I of the [1986 c. 50.] Social Security Act 1986 or by the Department of Health and Social Services for Northern Ireland under Part II of the [S.I. 1986/1888 (N.I. 18).] Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1986.
(7) The Board shall not approve a personal pension scheme which permits the acceptance of minimum contributions paid as mentioned in subsection (6)(c) above in respect of an individual's service—
(a) as director of the company, if his emoluments as such are within section 644(5); or
(b) in an office or employment to which section 645 applies.
Tax reliefs
Member's contributions.
639.—(1) A contribution paid by an individual under approved personal pension arrangements made by him shall, subject to the provisions of this Chapter, be deducted from or set off against any relevant earnings of his for the year of assessment in which the payment is made.
Except where subsections (2) to (4) below apply, relief under this subsection in respect of a contribution shall be given only on a claim made for the purpose.
(2) In such cases and subject to such conditions as the Board may prescribe in regulations, relief under subsection (1) above shall be given in accordance with subsections (3) and (4) below.
(3) An individual who is entitled to such relief in respect of a contribution may deduct from the contribution when he pays it, and may retain, an amount equal to income tax at the basic rate on the contribution.
(4) The scheme administrator—
(a) shall accept the amount paid after the deduction in discharge of the individual's liability to the same extent as if the deduction had not been made; and
(b) may recover an amount equal to the deduction from the Board.
(5) Regulations under this section may make provision for carrying subsections (3) and (4) above into effect and, without prejudice to the generality of that, may provide—
(a) for the manner in which claims for the recovery of a sum under subsection (4)(b) may be made;
(b) for the giving of such information, in such form, as may be prescribed by or under the regulations;
(c) for the inspection by persons authorised by the Board of books, documents and other records.
(6) Where relief under this section for any year of assessment is claimed and allowed (whether or not it then falls to be given for that year), and afterwards an assessment, alteration of an assessment, or other adjustment of the claimant's liability to tax is made, there shall also be made such consequential adjustments in the relief allowed or given under this section for that or any subsequent year as are appropriate.
(7) Where relief under this section is claimed and allowed for any year of assessment in respect of a contribution, relief shall not be given in respect of it under any other provision of the Income Tax Acts for the same or any subsequent year, nor (in the case of a contribution under an annuity contract) in respect of any other premium or consideration for an annuity under the same contract.
(8) References in the Income Tax Acts to relief in respect of life assurance premiums shall not be taken to include relief under this section.
Maximum amount of deductions.
640.—(1) The maximum amount that may be deducted or set off in any year of assessment by virtue of section 639(1) shall be 17.5 per cent. of the individual's net relevant earnings for that year.
(2) In the case of an individual whose age at the beginning of the year of assessment is within a range specified in the first column of the following table, subsection (1) above shall have effect with the substitution for 17.5 per cent. of the relevant percentage specified in the second column.
51 to 55
20 per cent.
56 to 60
22.5 per cent.
61 or more
27.5 per cent.
(3) Without prejudice to subsection (1) above, the maximum amount that may be deducted or set off in any year of assessment in respect of contributions paid by an individual to secure benefits satisfying the conditions in section 637(1) shall be 5 per cent. of the individual's net relevant earnings for that year.
(4) Where personal pension arrangements are made by an employee whose employer makes contributions under the arrangements, the maximum amount that may be deducted or set off in any year of assessment shall be reduced by the amount of the employer's contributions in the year.
(5) Any minimum contributions treated by virtue of section 649(3) as paid by the individual in respect of whom they are paid shall be disregarded for the purposes of this section.
Carry-back of contributions.
641.—(1) An individual who pays a contribution under approved personal pension arrangements in a year of assessment (whether or not a year for which he has relevant earnings) may elect that the contribution, or part of it, shall be treated as paid—
(a) in the year of assessment preceding that year; or
(b) if he had no net relevant earnings in that preceding year of assessment, in the year of assessment before that.
(2) Where for any year of assessment an individual—
(a) has relevant earnings as an underwriting member of Lloyd's or by way of commission calculated by reference to the profits of Lloyd's underwriting business; and
(b) there is an amount of unused relief attributable to those earnings,
the individual may elect that there shall be treated as paid in that year so much of any contributions paid by him under approved personal pension arrangements in the next year of assessment but two as does not exceed the amount of the unused relief.
(3) Subject to section 655(2), references in subsection (2) above to an amount of unused relief attributable to the earnings mentioned in subsection (2)(a) are to an amount which could have been deducted from or set off against those earnings under section 639(1) if—
(a) the individual had paid contributions under approved personal pension arrangements in the year of assessment for which he has the earnings; or
(b) any such contributions paid by him in that year had been greater.
(4) An election under this section must be made not later than three months after the end of the year of assessment in which the contributions treated as paid in another year are actually paid.
(5) Where an election is made under this section in respect of a contribution or part of a contribution, the other provisions of this Chapter shall have effect as if the contribution or part had been paid in the year specified in the election and not in the year in which it was actually paid.
Carry-forward of relief.
642.—(1) Where—
(a) for any year of assessment an individual has relevant earnings from any trade, profession, vocation, office or employment carried on or held by him, and
(b) there is an amount of unused relief for that year,
relief may be given under section 639(1), up to the amount of the unused relief, in respect of so much of any contributions paid by him under approved personal pension arrangements in any of the next six years of assessment as exceeds the maximum applying for that year under section 640.
(2) In this section, references to an amount of unused relief for any year are to an amount which could have been deducted from or set off against the individual's relevant earnings for that year under section 639(1) if—
(a) the individual had paid contributions under approved personal pension arrangements in that year; or
(b) any such contributions paid by him in that year had been greater.
(3) Relief by virtue of this section shall be given for an earlier year rather than a later year, the unused relief taken into account in giving relief for any year being deducted from that available for giving relief in subsequent years and unused relief derived from an earlier year being exhausted before unused relief derived from a later year.
(4) Where a relevant assessment to tax in respect of a year of assessment becomes final and conclusive more than six years after the end of that year and there is an amount of unused relief for that year which results from the making of the assessment—
(a) that amount shall not be available for giving relief by virtue of this section for any of the six years following that year; but
(b) the individual may, within the period of six months beginning with the date on which the assessment becomes final and conclusive, elect that relief shall be given under section 639(1), up to that amount, in respect of so much of any contributions paid by him under approved personal pension arrangements within that period as exceeds the maximum applying under section 640 for the year of assessment in which they are paid;
and to the extent to which relief in respect of any contributions is given by virtue of this subsection it shall not be given by virtue of subsection (1) above.
(5) In this section "a relevant assessment to tax" means an assessment on the individual's relevant earnings or on the profits or gains of a partnership from which the individual derives relevant earnings.
Employer's contributions and personal pension income etc.
643.—(1) Where contributions are paid by an employer under approved personal pension arrangements made by his employee, those contributions shall not be regarded as emoluments of the employment chargeable to tax under Schedule E.
(2) Income derived by a person from investments or deposits held by him for the purposes of an approved personal pension scheme shall be exempt from income tax.
(3) An annuity payable under approved personal pension arrangements shall be treated as earned income of the annuitant.
(4) Subsection (3) above applies only in relation to the annuitant to whom the annuity is made payable by the terms of the arrangements.
Meaning of "relevant earnings".
644.—(1) In this Chapter, "relevant earnings", in relation to an individual, means any income of his which is chargeable to tax for the year of assessment in question and is within subsection (2) below.
(2) Subject to subsections (3) to (5) below, income is within this subsection if it is—
(a) emoluments chargeable under Schedule E from an office or employment held by the individual;
(b) income from any property which is attached to or forms part of the emoluments of an office or employment held by him;
(c) income which is chargeable under Schedule D and is immediately derived by him from the carrying on or exercise by him of his trade, profession or vocation (either as an individual or as a partner acting personally in a partnership);
(d) income treated as earned income by virtue of section 529.
(3) Where section 645 applies to an office or employment held by the individual, neither emoluments from the office or employment nor income from any property which is attached to it or forms part of its emoluments are within subsection (2) above.
(4) The following are not income within subsection (2) above—
(a) anything in respect of which tax is chargeable under Schedule E and which arises from the acquisition or disposal of shares or an interest in shares or from a right to acquire shares;
(b) anything in respect of which tax is chargeable by virtue of section 148.
(5) Emoluments of an individual as director of a company are not income within subsection (2) above if—
(a) the income of the company consists wholly or mainly of investment income; and
(b) the individual, either alone or together with any other persons who are or have been at any time directors of the company, controls the company;
and section 840 shall apply for the purposes of this subsection.
(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above—
"director" includes any person occupying the position of director by whatever name called; and
"investment income" shall be construed in accordance with paragraph 7 of Schedule 19.
(7) For the purposes of this Chapter, a married woman's relevant earnings shall not be treated as her husband's relevant earnings, notwithstanding that her income chargeable to tax is treated as his income.
Earnings from pensionable employment.
645.—(1) This section applies to an office or employment held by an individual if—
(a) service in it is service to which a relevant superannuation scheme relates; and
(b) the individual is a participant in the scheme; and
(c) neither subsection (4) nor subsection (5) below applies to his participation in the scheme.
(2) This section applies whether or not the duties of the office or employment are performed wholly or partly in the United Kingdom or the individual is chargeable to tax in respect of it.
(3) In subsection (1) above "a relevant superannuation scheme" means a scheme or arrangement—
(a) the object or one of the objects of which is the provision, in respect of persons serving in particular offices or employments, of relevant benefits within the meaning of section 612; and
(b) which is established by a person other than the individual.
(4) This subsection applies to an individual's participation in a scheme if the scheme provides no benefits in relation to him other than—
(a) an annuity payable to his surviving spouse or a dependant of his;
(b) a lump sum payable on his death in service.
(5) This subsection applies to an individual's participation in a scheme if any sums paid pursuant to the scheme with a view to the provision of relevant benefits for him are treated as his income for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts.
Meaning of "net relevant earnings".
646.—(1) Subject to subsections (3) to (7) below, in this Chapter "net relevant earnings", in relation to an individual, means the amount of his relevant earnings for the year of assessment in question, less the amount of any deductions within subsection (2) below which fall to be made from the relevant earnings in computing for the purposes of income tax his total income for that year.
(2) Deductions are within this subsection if they are—
(a) deductions which but for section 74(m), (p) or (q) could be made in computing the profits or gains of the individual;
(b) deductions made by virtue of section 198, 201 or 332(3);
(c) deductions in respect of relief under Schedule 9 to the [1981 c. 35.] Finance Act 1981 (stock relief);
(d) deductions in respect of losses or capital allowances, being losses or capital allowances arising from activities profits or gains of which would be included in computing relevant earnings of the individual or the individual's wife or husband.
(3) For the purposes of this section, an individual's relevant earnings shall be taken to be those earnings before giving effect to any capital allowances, other than deductions allowable in computing profits or gains, but after taking into account the amounts on which charges fall to be made under the 1968 Act (including the enactments which under this Act or the 1970 Act are to be treated as contained in Part I of the 1968 Act); and in subsections (4) and (5) below, references to income (other than references to total income) shall be construed similarly.
(4) In the case of an individual's partnership profits, the amount to be included in arriving at his net relevant earnings shall be his share of the partnership income (estimated in accordance with the Income Tax Acts) after making from it any such deductions in respect of—
(a) payments made by the partnership;
(b) relief given to the partnership under Schedule 9 to the [1981 c. 35.] Finance Act 1981; or
(c) capital allowances falling to be made to the partnership,
as would be made in computing the tax payable in respect of that income.
(5) Where, in a year of assessment for which an amount is deducted or set off under section 639(1) against the net relevant earnings of an individual—
(a) a deduction in respect of such a loss or allowance of the individual as is mentioned in subsection (2)(d) above falls to be made in computing the total income of the individual or the individual's wife or husband; and
(b) the deduction or part of it falls to be so made from income other than relevant earnings;
the amount of the deduction made from that other income shall be treated as reducing the individual's net relevant earnings for subsequent years of assessment in accordance with subsection (6) below.
(6) The deduction shall be made so far as possible from the individual's net relevant earnings for the first of the subsequent years of assessment (whether or not he is entitled to relief under section 639(1) for that year), and then, so far as it cannot be so made, from those of the next year, and so on.
(7) An individual's net relevant earnings for any year of assessment shall be computed without regard to any deduction or set off under section 639(1) which falls to be made for that year in respect of the individual or the individual's wife of husband.
Charge to tax
Unauthorised payments.
647.—(1) This section applies to any payment within subsection (2) below which is made—
(a) out of funds which are or have been held for the purposes of a personal pension scheme which is or has at any time been approved; and
(b) to or for the benefit of an individual who has made personal pension arrangements in accordance with the scheme.
(2) A payment is within this subsection if—
(a) it is not expressly authorised by the rules of the scheme; or
(b) it is made at a time when the scheme or the arrangements are not approved and it would not have been expressly authorised by the rules of the scheme or by the arrangements when the scheme, or as the case may be the arrangements, were last so approved.
(3) The individual referred to in subsection (1)(b) above, whether or not he is the recipient of the payment, shall be chargeable to tax under Schedule E on the amount of the payment for the year of assessment in which the payment is made.
(4) This section applies to a transfer of assets or other transfer of money's worth as it applies to a payment, and in relation to such a transfer the reference in subsection (3) above to the amount of the payment shall be read as a reference to the value of the transfer.
Contributions under unapproved arrangements.
648.Where contributions are paid by an employer under personal pension arrangements made by his employee then, if those arrangements are not approved arrangements and the contributions are not otherwise chargeable to income tax as income of the employee, the contributions shall be regarded for all the purposes of the Income Tax Acts as emoluments of the employment chargeable to tax under Schedule E.
Miscellaneous
Minimum contributions under Social Security Act 1986.
649.—(1) Where under Part I of the [1986 c. 50.] Social Security Act 1986 the Secretary of State pays minimum contributions for the purposes of approved personal pension arrangements, the amount of the employee's share of those contributions shall, instead of being the amount provided for in that Part, be the grossed-up equivalent of the amount so provided for.
(2) For the purposes of this section—
"the employee's share" of minimum contributions is so much of the contributions as is attributable to the percentage mentioned in paragraph (a) of the definition of "rebate percentage" in section 3(3) of the Social Security Act 1986;
"the grossed-up equivalent" of an amount is such sum as, after deduction of income tax at the basic rate in force for the year of assessment for which the contributions are paid, is equal to that amount.
(3) The employee's share of minimum contributions paid for a year of assessment by the Secretary of State for the purposes of approved personal pension arrangements shall be treated for the purposes of income tax—
(a) as the income for that year of the individual in respect of whom it is paid; and
(b) as contributions paid in that year by that individual under those arrangements.
(4) The Board may make regulations—
(a) providing for the recovery by the Secretary of State from the Board, in such circumstances as may be prescribed by the regulations, of any increase attributable to this section in the sums paid by the Secretary of State out of the National Insurance Fund;
(b) requiring the Secretary of State to give the Board such information as may be so prescribed about minimum contributions paid by the Secretary of State;
(c) prescribing circumstances in which this section or any provision of it shall not apply;
(d) making such provision as appears to the Board to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of supplementing the provisions of this section.
(5) Any payment received by the Secretary of State by virtue of this section shall be paid into the National Insurance Fund.
(6) In relation to Northern Ireland, this section shall have effect as if—
(a) references to the Secretary of State were references to the Department of Health and Social Services for Northern Ireland;
(b) references to Part I and section 3(3) of the [1986 c. 50.] Social Security Act 1986 were references to Part II and Article 5(3) of the [S.I. 1986/1888 (N.I. 18).] Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1986; and
(c) references to the National Insurance Fund were references to the Northern Ireland National Insurance Fund.
Withdrawal of approval.
650.—(1) If in the opinion of the Board the facts concerning an approved personal pension scheme or its administration or arrangements made in accordance with it do not warrant the continuance of their approval of the scheme, they may at any time by notice given to the scheme administrator withdraw their approval of the scheme.
(2) If in the opinion of the Board the facts concerning any approved personal pension arrangements do not warrant the continuance of their approval in relation to the arrangements, they may at any time by notice given to the individual who made them and to the scheme administrator withdraw their approval in relation to the arrangements.
(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2) above, the Board may withdraw their approval in relation to any personal pension arrangements if they are of the opinion that securing the provision of benefits under the arrangements was not the sole purpose of the individual in making them.
(4) A notice under subsection (1) or (2) above shall state the grounds on which, and the date from which, approval is withdrawn.
(5) The Board may not withdraw their approval from a date earlier than the date when the facts were first such that they did not warrant the continuance of their approval (so, however, that in a case within subsection (3) above their approval may be withdrawn from the day the arrangements in question were made).
Appeals.
651.—(1) Where the Board—
(a) refuse an application by notice under section 631; or
(b) withdraw an approval by notice under section 650;
the person to whom the notice is given may appeal to the Special Commissioners against the refusal or, as the case may be, the withdrawal.
(2) An appeal under this section shall be made by notice stating the grounds for the appeal and given to the Board before the end of the period of 30 days beginning with the day on which the notice of refusal or withdrawal was given to the appellant.
(3) On an appeal under this section against the withdrawal of an approval, the Special Commissioners may, instead of allowing or dismissing the appeal, order that the withdrawal shall have effect from a date other than that determined by the Board.
(4) The bringing of an appeal under this section shall not affect the validity of the decision appealed against pending the determination of the proceedings.
Information about payments.
652.—(1) An inspector may give a notice to a scheme administrator requiring him to provide the inspector with—
(a) such particulars as the notice may require relating to contributions paid under approved personal pension arrangements made in accordance with the scheme;
(b) such particulars as the notice may require relating to payments by way of return of contributions;
(c) copies of such accounts as the notice may require.
(2) A person to whom a notice is given under this section shall comply with the notice within the period of 30 days beginning with the day on which it is given.
Information: penalties.
653.A person who knowingly makes a false statement or false representation on making an application under section 631 or for the purpose of obtaining for himself or any other person any relief from or repayment of tax under this Chapter shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding £500.
Remuneration of Ministers and other officers.
654.—(1) This section applies to any salary—
(a) payable to the holder of a qualifying office who is also a Member of the House of Commons; and
(b) payable for a period in respect of which the holder is not a participant in relation to that office in arrangements contained in the Parliamentary pension scheme but is a participant in relation to his membership of the House of Commons in any such arrangements, or for any part of such a period.
(2) So much of any salary to which this section applies as is equal to the difference between a Member's pensionable salary and the salary which (in accordance with any such resolution as is mentioned in subsection (4)(a) below) is payable to him as a Member holding that qualifying office, shall be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as remuneration from the office of Member and not from the qualifying office.
(3) In this section—
"Member's pensionable salary" means a Member's ordinary salary under any resolution of the House of Commons which, being framed otherwise than as an expression of opinion, is for the time being in force relating to the remuneration of Members or, if the resolution provides for a Member's ordinary salary thereunder to be treated for pension purposes as being at a higher rate, a notional yearly salary at that higher rate;
"qualifying office" means an office mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of subsection (2) of section 2 of the [1987 c. 45.] Parliamentary and other Pensions Act 1987;
"the Parliamentary pension scheme" has the same meaning as in that Act;
and, without prejudice to the power conferred by virtue of paragraph 13 of Schedule 1 to that Act, regulations under section 2 of that Act may make provision specifying the circumstances in which a person is to be regarded for the purposes of this section as being or not being a participant in relation to his membership of the House of Commons, or in relation to any office, in arrangements contained in the Parliamentary pension scheme.
(4) In subsection (3) above "a Member's ordinary salary", in relation to any resolution of the House of Commons, means—
(a) if the resolution provides for salary to be paid to Members at different rates according to whether or not they are holders of particular offices or are in receipt of salaries or pensions as the holders or former holders of particular offices, a Member's yearly salary at the higher or highest rate; and
(b) in any other case, a Member's yearly salary at the rate specified in or determined under the resolution.
Transitional provisions.
655.—(1) Where approved personal pension arrangements are made by an individual who pays qualifying premiums within the meaning of section 620(1)—
(a) the amount that may be deducted or set off by virtue of section 639(1) in any year of assessment shall be reduced by the amount of any qualifying premiums which are paid in the year by the individual and in respect of which relief is given for the year under section 619(1)(a); and
(b) the relief which, by virtue of section 625, may be given under section 619 by reference to the individual's unused relief for any year shall be reduced by the amount of any contributions paid by him in that year under the approved personal pension arrangements.
(2) Where an individual elects under section 641 that a contribution or part of a contribution shall be treated as paid in the year of assessment 1984-85, 1985-86 or 1986-87, the payment shall be treated as the payment of a qualifying premium for the purposes of Chapter III of this Part; and in such a case references in section 641 to an amount of unused relief shall be construed in accordance with section 625.
(3) The references in section 642 to unused relief for any year are, for years of assessment before 1987-88, references to unused relief within the meaning of section 625.
(4) The Board shall not grant any application under section 631 so as to approve a scheme with effect from a date earlier than 4th January 1988.
(5) The Board may by regulations make provision for applications for approval of personal pension schemes to be granted provisionally in cases where the applications are made before 1st August 1989, notwithstanding that the Board have not satisfied themselves that the schemes comply with the requirements of sections 632 to 638; and such regulations may, in particular, provide—
(a) for the contents and form of certificates or other documents which the Board may require the applicant to give them before they grant an application provisionally;
(b) for the making of such amendments of the rules of the scheme after the provisional grant of an application as are necessary to enable the scheme to comply with the requirements of sections 632 to 638, and for those amendments to have effect as from the date of approval of the scheme;
(c) for the withdrawal of approval of the scheme as from that date if it does not comply with the requirements of sections 632 to 638 and such amendments as are mentioned in paragraph (b) above are not made;
and may make such supplementary provision as appears to the Board to be necessary or expedient.
Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 is reproduced under the terms of Crown Copyright Policy Guidance issued by HMSO. Publishing Rights: Coddan CPM Core Licence (HMSO) number is C02W0007897 issued on 25 November 2005 by HMSO Licensing Division (Core Licence.pdf Licence to reproduce public sector information).
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