If you are thinking about setting up a business, and need it done quickly and easily with no additional requirements, then this package is the perfect choice.
This package is a cheap and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London for the duration of one year.
This package is a not expensive and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London and a nominee secretary for the duration of one year.
This package is one of the most cost effective and the efficient way to start a UK company, which includes a registered office address in London, a nominee secretary, and a nominee director for the duration of one year.
E-quick*
£32.00
Economy
£82.00
Premier
£207.00
Deluxe
£557.00
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Further information
Private company limited by shares
No Annual Charges
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £50.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £175.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £525.00
Usefull links
Further information
Private Company Limited by Shares:
A private company limited by shares in England and Wales must have at least one director, one shareholder, and may have a secretary.
You need at least one person to form this type of company. If there is only one director, and that director is a natural person in your company, that director can also act as the secretary.
A company must have at least one director who is a natural person. This requirement is met if the office of director is held by a natural person as a corporation sole or otherwise by virtue of an office.
You can register a sole director' company, if you are familiar with the secretaries duties and responsibilities, because all of them belongs to a sole director.
The directors and secretary of your company can also be shareholders.
The Companies Act imposes no restriction on the minimum age of company directors. However Companies House will actively discourage the appointment of anyone under the age of 16 from taking up a company directorship on the grounds that the individuals concerned may not fully understand the legal liabilities that go with the position and for the most part will not have the experience necessary to perform the duties of a company director.
Under the Companies Act 2006, there is no restriction on any or all of the members/shareholders being from an overseas country (i.e. outside the United Kingdom in terms of residency, domicile, citizenship, place of incorporation or all or any of those concepts).
There is no requirement for the officers of your company to be UK citizens or residents, nor for them to hold valid work permits.
Owning, or being an officer of a UK company does not, however, grant you any right to live or work in the UK if you are a foreign national.
Your company must have a registered office address within England or Wales; this is the official address of your company and will be on the public record as such.
Your company must hold its official company documents at its registered office address: its register of shareholders, and its constitutional documents.
So long as you maintain a registered office address in England or Wales, you can conduct your business from any place in the world: you do not have to run your business from your registered office address.
Coddan offers company formation, ready-made company registration for UK limited companies.
We offer electronic filing enterprises & registering corporation services. In addition to
business registrations, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, toll-free
numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for UK limited companies.
You are an accountant for whom company establishment is a frequent activity or an individual
ordering your first company registrations. Start a company by incorporating or forming a LTD,
PLC or LLP at Coddan. Learn about incorporation & how to incorporate your business
online: register a business name, company registration, business registration numbers, company
house web filing - business name registration check. Whether you start-up online, register
London business or form a corporation Scotland, we can help you understand the business start-up
process for filing LTD United Kingdom.
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Incorporate or form an LLC – online: company registrar
United Kingdom, limited company formations & corporation registration, electronically LLC
online, very easy and informative. In addition to private companies Great Britain, we offer
trademark registration, shareholder agreements, 0870 numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for English companies. Information to help start,
grow or manage a small business. If you are starting a business Edinburgh or starting own business Northern Ireland, read our starting business Republic of Ireland guide.
Home business and small business training and ideas site to help you start Belfast, grow, and expand a home-based business or search for the work at home job right.
An outline of the general steps for incorporation in Great Britain, explaining how to incorporate your business Dublin, from choosing where to incorporate your business.
UK ready-made company formation services and company registrations online, our offices keep a stock of ready made companies, and would be happy to supply details on request.
We offer offshore ready-made companies in different jurisdictions, readymade offshore companies also called as offshore shelf companies, shelf off-shore companies for sale:
starting applying for a business name, business name registration partnership, grants for
starting a business and starting a business from home.
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Open company same-day and offshore setting-up services using our online starting-up service for
Limited Liability Company Offshore companies. Start enjoying the tax benefits and personal
liability protection that forming a corporation or Limited Liability Company (LLC) provides.
Offshore company incorporation, offshore checking and offshore saving accounts, offshore time
deposits, offshore mutual funds, offshore money market accounts and offshore asset protection
provided by Coddan. Company formations, limited company formations, electronic incorporations,
company formation agents, paperless company registrar, electronic companies filing, United
Kingdom limited company, setting corporation Ireland, business incorporation Scotland, open
company England, London company registration, electronic companies filing, British companies
registrars, business consultants, company law, public limited company, plc, international
companies, ltd, inc, limited liability, enterprise, organization, organization, tax, taxation,
England, firm, partnership, trade, profession, contractors, business, private limited company,
limited by shares, ready-made companies, readymade company, aged company, off the shelf
company, shelf companies list.
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Specializes in company registration and secretarial services.
Provides list of shelf company, services and cost quotation, business name registration,
company house direct, starting a business - sole trader business registration.
This is actually a pretty good reason to incorporate in Delaware or Nevada. In fact, you could
be a foreigner from Lebanon, never setting foot on American soil, form a Delaware corporation
and no one would know who you are! However, many states will require the owners and/or officers
and/or directors information while operating in that state (as a foreign corp.). Besides,
how many small businesses require anonymity? Incorporate, incorporation, incorporating,
incorporation services, incorporating services, incorporate Wyoming business online,
incorporating Oregon business, New York LLC formation, Louisiana limited liability corporation,
Texas articles of incorporation, Florida company incorporation, California non profit
corporation, corporate name search offshore, BVI corporate name availability, Seychelles
corporate name registration.
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Learn about incorporation services UK and incorporate London
online: starting your own business, business ideas, starting a business on ebay or buying a
business with legal requirements for starting a business. Online England company formations,
online company London W1 formation, Glasgow formation agent, Liverpool formations agent,
Scottish companies house, forming a company Scotland, starting a business Wales, form a
limited company Oxford, United Kingdom business registration agents, online Great Britain
company registration. E-Business, small business, business structures defined: the limited
liability company business structures defined: the limited liability company IRS treatment of
the one-member LLC. An LLC with only one member / owner is automatically considered to be a
sole proprietorship unless an election is made to be treated as a corporation. Thus, the sole
member of an LLC will file (Form 1040), (U.S. Individual Income Tax Return), ideas for starting
a business, grants for starting a business, starting a business from home, starting your own
business - business ideas, starting a business on ebay, buying a business: legal requirements
for starting a business, ideas for starting a business.
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A business may be conducted by a company
as an entity in its own right and comes into existence by incorporation under companies
legislation which also regulates the running of the company and sets out the duties of its
officers. In recent years trading trusts have been commonly used as the structure for carrying
on a business with their main objective of tax minimization. A trust requires a trustee to act
on behalf of a trust and it has been preferable to have a company newly incorporated to act as
the trustee as it is believed that this limits the liability of the trust to the paid-up capital
of the Trustee Company. A trust is formed by a gift or settlement being made to the trustee on
behalf of the, as yet unformed, trust. A solicitor draws up a Trust Deed setting out the powers
and formalizing the administration of the trust. The trust has beneficiaries rather than
shareholders as in a company, who are entitled to distributions of capital and/or income and
these distributions, are controlled by the trustee.
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The distribution made to beneficiaries are
subject to income tax as part of their personal income and are liable for provisional tax on
these distributions. Citizens and residents of other countries may incorporate in the United
Kingdom through the standard incorporation procedures set forth by each state. Provides UK
company formations, trademark registration, registered office facilities and company secretary
services. Professional company formation, register your company online, we may establish new
business at one day. An online guide to starting up and expanding your business.
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This is one of our most popular packages with worldwide customers, and includes: -
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Our Deluxe package is a fast and easy option, it is ideal for the UK, EU, and international small to medium businesses who wish to appoint a nominee director and a nominee secretary in order to maintain the anonymity of the real owner, and it includes: -
Incorporation of your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses in London, our nominee director and nominee secretary. We can appoint your own candidate(s) to the role of shareholder(s), or you can appoint a nominee sharholder provided by Coddan;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
The following two hard bound copies of corporate documents, will be send by post to you upon formation of your private limited company: -
A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
Share certificates, and your company register;
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director;
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
The agreement for the provision of nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
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This is our most popular package with the UK residents, and includes: -
The registration of your company from scratch using your own registered office address,
and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -
A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
*If you do not have an a valid address in the UK, which can be used as the registered office address for your company, please check our Economy package. The non-UK address cannot be acceptable as the office address for the UK company.
This is our most popular package with the UK and EU residents, and includes: -
The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -
A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -
The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The incorporation your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a members;
The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
An original certificate of incorporation
A hard bound copy of the memorandum & articles of association
The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
A completed register of directors and members;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal.
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The registration your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint our own candidates to the role of a nominee director and a nominee member;
The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for one year are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
A completed register of directors and members
The provision of a nominee member for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee member service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
A completed register of directors and members;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal.
Pre-signed, undated letters of resignation from a nominee director and a nominee member;
A general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
A declaration of trust from a nominee member;
An indemnity letter for the power of attorney;
A nominee agreement which provides for the indemnification of the nominees.
This is another one of our most popular packages for small and medium size businesses, such as those being run by a sole director from home, and for companies owned by overseas residents who still need a local registered office address, but would rather not open a local office in the UK;
This package is often chosen by such customers, who are looking to minimise a sole director' personal liability (and who are not quite familiar with the UK corporate legislation), because this package includes thye provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months. This package is also includes: -
The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, and shareholder;
The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
The following hard bound copy of the corporate documents, will be send by post to you, upon formation of your private limited company: -
A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
Share certificates, and your company register.
This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -
The formation of a limited partnership usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
The incorporation your BVI offshore limited partnership from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a general partner;
The government and initiation fees for registration are included in the price of this package;
The search for a limited partnership name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
The preparation and submission of the partnership agreement;
A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
The provision of a nominee limited partner for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee limited partner service is charged annually);
To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your offshore company: -
An original certificate of incorporation;
A hard bound copy of the partnership agreement;
The minutes of the first meeting of the board of partners;
A completed register of partners;
An elegant printed membership certificates;
A pliers seal;
The general power of attorney signed by a nominee limited partner (additional fee applies);
Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee limited partner;
The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -
An Act to make it unlawful to refuse employment, or any service of an employment agency, on grounds related to trade union membership; to amend the law relating to industrial action and ballots; to make further provision with respect to the Commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members; to confer a power to revise or revoke Codes of Practice; to provide for the merger of the Redundancy Fund with the National Insurance Fund; to amend the Education (Work Experience) Act 1973; and for connected purposes.
[1st November 1990]
Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—
Access to employment
Refusal of employment on grounds related to union membership.
1.—(1) It is unlawful to refuse a person employment—
(a) because he is, or is not, a member of a trade union, or
(b) because he is unwilling to accept a requirement—
(i) to take steps to become or cease to be, or to remain or not to become, a member of a trade union, or
(ii) to make payments or suffer deductions in the event of his not being a member of a trade union.
(2) A person who is thus unlawfully refused employment has a right of complaint to an industrial tribunal.
(3) Where an advertisement is published which indicates, or might reasonably be understood as indicating—
(a) that employment to which the advertisement relates is open only to a person who is, or is not, a member of a trade union, or
(b) that any such requirement as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b) will be imposed in relation to employment to which the advertisement relates,
a person who does not satisfy that condition or, as the case may be, is unwilling to accept that requirement, and who seeks and is refused employment to which the advertisement relates, shall be conclusively presumed to have been refused employment for that reason.
(4) Where there is an arrangement or practice under which employment is offered only to persons put forward or approved by a trade union, and the trade union puts forward or approves only persons who are members of the union, a person who is not a member of the union and who is refused employment in pursuance of the arrangement or practice shall be taken to have been refused employment because he is not a member of the trade union.
(5) A person shall be taken to be refused employment if he seeks employment of any description with a person and that person—
(a) refuses or deliberately omits to entertain and process his application or enquiry, or
(b) causes him to withdraw or cease to pursue his application or enquiry, or
(c) refuses or deliberately omits to offer him employment of that description, or
(d) makes him an offer of such employment the terms of which are such as no reasonable employer who wished to fill the post would offer and which is not accepted, or
(e) makes him an offer of such employment but withdraws it or causes him not to accept it.
(6) Where a person is offered employment on terms which include a requirement that he is, or is not, a member of a trade union, or any such requirement as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b), and he does not accept the offer because he does not satisfy or, as the case may be, is unwilling to accept that requirement, he shall be treated as having been refused employment for that reason.
(7) The provisions of this section apply in relation to an employment agency acting, or purporting to act, on behalf of an employer as in relation to an employer.
Refusal of service of employment agency on grounds related to union membership.
2.—(1) It is unlawful for an employment agency to refuse a person any of its services—
(a) because he is, or is not, a member of a trade union, or
(b) because he is unwilling to accept a requirement to take steps to become or cease to be, or to remain or not to become, a member of a trade union.
(2) A person who is thus unlawfully refused any service of an employment agency has a right of complaint to an industrial tribunal.
(3) Where an advertisement is published which indicates, or might reasonably be understood as indicating—
(a) that any service of an employment agency is available only to a person who is, or is not, a member of a trade union, or
(b) that any such requirement as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b) will be imposed in relation to a service to which the advertisement relates,
a person who does not satisfy that condition or, as the case may be, is unwilling to accept that requirement, and who seeks to avail himself of and is refused that service, shall be conclusively presumed to have been refused it for that reason.
(4) A person shall be taken to be refused a service if he seeks to avail himself of it and the agency—
(a) refuses or deliberately omits to make the service available to him, or
(b) causes him not to avail himself of the service or to cease to avail himself of it, or
(c) does not provide the same service, on the same terms, as is provided to others.
(5) Where a person is offered a service on terms which include a requirement that he is, or is not, a member of a trade union, or any such requirement as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b), and he does not accept the offer because he does not satisfy or, as the case may be, is unwilling to accept that requirement, he shall be treated as having been refused the service for that reason.
Interpretation and other supplementary provisions.
3.—(1) In sections 1 and 2—
"advertisement" includes every form of advertisement or notice, whether to the public or not, and references to publishing an advertisement shall be construed accordingly;
"employment" means employment under a contract of service or apprenticeship, and related expressions shall be construed accordingly;
"employment agency" means a person who, for profit or not, provides services for the purpose of finding employment for workers or supplying employers with workers, but subject to subsection (3) below;
"member of a trade union" shall be construed in accordance with subsection (4) below;
"trade union" has the meaning given by section 28 of the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974.
(2) Where a person may not be considered for appointment or election to an office in a trade union unless he is a member of the union, or of a particular branch or section of the union or of one of a number of particular branches or sections of the union, nothing in section 1 applies to anything done for the purpose of securing compliance with that condition although as holder of the office he would be employed by the union.
For this purpose an "office" means any position—
(a) by virtue of which the holder is an "official" within the meaning of section 30(1) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974, or
(b) in relation to which the duty in section 1 of the [1984. c. 49.] Trade Union Act 1984 (duty to hold elections) applies.
(3) For the purposes of sections 1 and 2 as they apply to employment agencies—
(a) services other than those mentioned in the definition of "employment agency" above shall be disregarded, and
(b) a trade union shall not be regarded as an employment agency by reason of services provided by it only for, or in relation to, its members.
(4) References in sections 1 and 2 to being or not being a member of a trade union are to being or not being a member of any trade union, of a particular trade union or of one of a number of particular trade unions.
Any such reference includes a reference to being or not being a member of a particular branch or section of a trade union or of one of a number of particular branches or sections of a trade union.
(5) Further provisions supplementing sections 1 and 2 are contained in Schedule 1, where—
Part I deals with proceedings, remedies and related matters, and
Part II deals with the scope of application of those sections.
Expressions which are defined above for the purposes of those sections have the same meanings in that Schedule.
Industrial action and ballots
Secondary action.
4.—(1) Nothing in section 13 of the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 (acts in contemplation or furtherance of trade disputes) prevents an act from being actionable in tort on a ground specified in subsection (1)(a) or (b) of that section where one of the facts relied on for the purpose of establishing liability is that there has been secondary action which does not satisfy the requirements of this section.
(2) There is secondary action in relation to a trade dispute when, and only when, a person—
(a) induces another to break a contract of employment or interferes or induces another to interfere with its performance, or
(b) threatens that a contract of employment under which he or another is employed will be broken or its performance interfered with, or that he will induce another to break a contract of employment or to interfere with its performance,
and the employer under the contract of employment is not the employer party to the dispute.
(3) Secondary action satisfies the requirements of this section only if it is done in the course of such attendance as is declared lawful by section 15 of the Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 (peaceful picketing)—
(a) by a worker employed (or, in the case of a worker not in employment, last employed) by the employer party to the dispute, or
(b) by a trade union official whose attendance is lawful by virtue of subsection (1)(b) of that section.
(4) For the purposes of this section an employer shall not be treated as party to a dispute between another employer and workers of that employer; and where more than one employer is in dispute with his workers, the dispute between each employer and his workers shall be treated as a separate dispute.
In this subsection "worker" has the same meaning as in section 29 of the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 (meaning of trade dispute).
(5) An act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute which is primary action in relation to that dispute may not be relied on as secondary action in relation to another trade dispute.
Primary action means such action as is mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (2) where the employer under the contract of employment is the employer party to the dispute.
(6) In this section "contract of employment" includes any contract under which one person personally does work or performs services for another, and related expressions shall be construed accordingly.
(7) Other expressions used in this section and the Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 have the same meanings in this section as in that Act.
Minor amendments relating to ballots.
5.—(1) In Part II of the [1984 c. 49.] Trade Union Act 1984 and section 1 of the [1988 c. 19.] Employment Act 1988 (ballots about industrial action) references to a contract of employment include any contract under which one person personally does work or performs services for another; and related expressions shall be construed accordingly.
(2) For the purposes of section 11 of the Trade Union Act 1984 (requirements to be satisfied in relation to ballots) a member of a trade union who throughout the period during which votes may be cast is in Northern Ireland shall not be treated as an overseas member—
(a) where the ballot is one to which subsection (1A) or (1B)(a) of that section applies (workplace ballots) and his place of work is in Great Britain, or
(b) where the ballot is one to which subsection (1B)(b) or (c) of that section applies (general ballots) and relates to a strike or other industrial action involving members both in Great Britain and in Northern Ireland.
(3) In relation to employment to which section 127 of the [1975 c. 71.] Employment Protection Act 1975 (offshore workers) applies, the references in subsection (2) above to Northern Ireland include any area where the law of Northern Ireland applies and the references to Great Britain include any area where the law of England and Wales or Scotland applies.
(4) In section 4(1B) of the Trade Union [2 & 3 Geo. 5. c. 30.] Act 1913 and section 2(5) of the Trade Union Act 1984 (requirements with respect to voting papers in political fund ballot or ballot for union office), in paragraph (a) after "must" insert "state the name of the independent scrutineer and".
(5) In section 15(2) of the Employment Act 1988 (duties of trade union with respect to independent scrutineer in case of political fund ballot or ballot for union office), after paragraph (b) insert—
" (bb) must, before the scrutineer begins to carry out his functions, either— (i) send a notice stating the name of the scrutineer to every member of the union to whom it is reasonably practicable to send such a notice, or (ii) take all such other steps for notifying members of the name of the scrutineer as it is the practice of the union to take when matters of general interest to all its members need to be brought to their attention;<"
.
Responsibility of trade union for acts of officials, &c.
6.—(1) Section 15 of the [1982 c. 46.] Employment Act 1982 (liability of trade unions in certain actions in tort) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (2) (acts for which the union is responsible) for "it was authorised or endorsed by a responsible person" substitute "it is to be taken, in accordance with the following provisions, to have been authorised or endorsed by the union".
(3) For subsection (3) substitute—
"(3) An act shall be taken to have been authorised or endorsed by a trade union if it was done, or was authorised or endorsed—
(a) by any person empowered by the rules to do, authorise or endorse acts of the kind in question, or
(b) by the principal executive committee or the president or general secretary, or
(c) by any other committee of the union or any other official of the union (whether employed by it or not).
(3A) For the purposes of paragraph (c) of subsection (3)—
(a) any group of persons constituted in accordance with the rules of the union is a committee of the union; and
(b) an act shall be taken to have been done, authorised or endorsed by an official if it was done, authorised or endorsed by, or by any member of, any group of persons of which he was at the material time a member, the purposes of which included organising or co-ordinating industrial action.
(3B) The provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (3) apply notwithstanding anything in the rules of the union, or in any contract or rule of law, but subject as follows."
.
(4) For subsection (4) substitute—
"(4) An act shall not be taken to have been authorised or endorsed by the union by virtue only of paragraph (c) of subsection (3) if it was repudiated by the principal executive committee or the president or general secretary as soon as reasonably practicable after coming to the knowledge of any of them."
.
(5) For subsection (5) substitute—
"(5) Where an act is repudiated—
(a) written notice of the repudiation must be given to the committee or official in question, without delay, and
(b) the union must do its best to give individual written notice of the fact and date of repudiation, without delay— (i) to every member of the union who the union has reason to believe is taking part, or might otherwise take part, in industrial action as a result of the act, and (ii) to the employer of every such member.
(5A) The notice given to members in accordance with paragraph (b)(i) of subsection (5) must contain the following statement—
"Your union has repudiated the call (or calls) for industrial action to which this notice relates and will give no support to unofficial industrial action taken in response to it (or them). If you are dismissed while taking unofficial industrial action, you will have no right to complain of unfair dismissal."
(5B) If subsection (5) or (5A) is not complied with, the repudiation shall be treated as ineffective."
.
(6) After subsection (6) (no repudiation if subsequent behaviour inconsistent with purported repudiation) insert—
"(6A) The principal executive committee, president or general secretary shall be treated as so behaving if, on a request made to any of them within three months of the purported repudiation by a person who—
(a) is a party to a commercial contract whose performance has been or may be interfered with as a result of the act in question, and
(b) has not been given written notice by the union of the repudiation,
it is not forthwith confirmed in writing that the act has been repudiated."
.
(7) In subsection (7) (interpretation), at the appropriate place insert—
""commercial contract" means any contract other than—
(a) a contract of service or apprenticeship, or
(b) any other contract under which a person agrees personally to do work or perform services for another;"
;
and omit the definition of "official" and "employed official".
(8) After subsection (8) add—
"(9) In proceedings arising out of an act which is by virtue of this section taken to have been done by a trade union, the power of the court to grant an injunction or interdict includes power to require the union to take such steps as the court considers appropriate for ensuring—
(a) that there is no, or no further, inducement of persons to take part or to continue to take part in industrial action, and
(b) that no person engages in any conduct after the granting of the injunction or interdict by virtue of having been induced before it was granted to take part or to continue to take part in industrial action;
and the provisions of this section apply in relation to proceedings for failure to comply with any such injunction or interdict as they apply in relation to the original proceedings."
.
Calling of industrial action with support of ballot.
7.—(1) In section 11 of the [1984 c. 49.] Trade Union Act 1984 (requirements for ballots on industrial action), after subsection (4) insert—
"(4A) The voting paper must specify who, in the event of a vote in favour of industrial action, is authorised for the purposes of section 7 of the Employment Act 1990 to call upon members to take part or continue to take part in the industrial action.
The person or description of persons so specified need not be authorised under the rules of the union but must be within section 15(3) of the Employment Act 1982.
"
.
(2) Industrial action shall not be regarded for the purposes of section 10 of the Trade Union Act 1984 or section 1 of the [1988 c. 19.] Employment Act 1988 as having the support of a ballot unless it is called by a specified person and the following conditions are satisfied.
(3) The conditions are that—
(a) there must have been no call by the trade union to take part or continue to take part in industrial action to which the ballot relates, or any authorisation or endorsement by the union of any such industrial action, before the date of the ballot;
(b) there must be a call for industrial action by a specified person, and industrial action to which it relates must take place, before the ballot ceases to be effective in accordance with section 8 below.
(4) For the purposes of this section a call shall be taken to have been made by a trade union if it was authorised or endorsed by the union; and the provisions of subsections (3) to (7) of section 15 of the [1982 c. 46.] Employment Act 1982 apply for the purpose of determining whether a call, or industrial action, is to be taken to have been so authorised or endorsed.
(5) In this section—
"date of the ballot" has the same meaning as in Part II of the Trade Union Act 1984;
"specified person" means a person specified or of a description specified in the voting paper for the ballot in accordance with section 11(4A) of the Trade Union Act 1984; and
"trade union" has the meaning given by section 28 of the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974.
Period after which ballot ceases to be effective.
8.—(1) Subject to the following provisions, a ballot ceases to be effective for the purposes of section 7(3)(b) at the end of the period of four weeks beginning with the date of the ballot.
(2) Where for the whole or part of that period the calling or organising of industrial action is prohibited—
(a) by virtue of a court order which subsequently lapses or is discharged, recalled or set aside, or
(b) by virtue of an undertaking given to a court by any person from which he is subsequently released or by which he ceases to be bound,
the trade union may apply to the court for an order that the period during which the prohibition had effect shall not count towards the period referred to in subsection (1).
(3) The application must be made forthwith upon the prohibition ceasing to have effect—
(a) to the court by virtue of whose decision it ceases to have effect, or
(b) where an order lapses or an undertaking ceases to bind without any such decision, to the court by which the order was made or to which the undertaking was given;
and no application may be made after the end of the period of eight weeks beginning with the date of the ballot.
(4) The court shall not make an order if it appears to the court—
(a) that the result of the ballot no longer represents the views of the union members concerned, or
(b) that an event is likely to occur as a result of which those members would vote against industrial action if another ballot were to be held.
(5) No appeal lies from the decision of the court to make or refuse an order under this section.
(6) The period between the making of an application under this section and its determination does not count towards the period referred to in subsection (1).
But a ballot shall not by virtue of this subsection (together with any order of the court) be regarded as effective for the purposes of section 7(3)(b) after the end of the period of twelve weeks beginning with the date of the ballot.
(7) In this section—
"date of the ballot" has the same meaning as in Part II of the [1984 c. 49.] Trade Union Act 1984; and
"trade union" has the meaning given by section 28 of the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974.
Dismissal of those taking part in unofficial industrial action.
9.—(1) In Part V of the [1978 c. 44.] Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 (unfair dismissal), after section 62 (dismissal in connection with lock-out, strike or other industrial action) insert—
"Dismissal of those taking part in unofficial industrial action.
62A. — (1) An employee has no right to complain of unfair dismissal if at the time of dismissal he was taking part in an unofficial strike or other unofficial industrial action.
(2) A strike or other industrial action is unofficial in relation to an employee unless—
(a) he is a member of a trade union and the action is authorised or endorsed by that union, or
(b) he is not a member of a trade union but there are among those taking part in the industrial action members of a trade union by which the action has been authorised or endorsed.
Provided that, a strike or other industrial action shall not be regarded as unofficial if none of those taking part in it are members of a trade union.
(3) The provisions of subsections (3) to (7) of section 15 of the Employment Act 1982 apply for the purpose of determining whether industrial action is to be taken to have been authorised or endorsed by a trade union.
(4) The question whether industrial action is to be so taken in any case shall be determined by reference to the facts as at the time of dismissal.
Provided that, where an act is repudiated as mentioned in subsection (4) of that section, industrial action shall not thereby be treated as unofficial before the end of the next working day after the day on which the repudiation takes place.
(5) In this section the "time of dismissal" means—
(a) where the employee's contract of employment is terminated by notice, when the notice is given,
(b) where the employee's contract of employment is terminated without notice, when the termination takes effect, and
(c) where the employee is employed under a contract for a fixed term which expires without being renewed under the same contract, when that term expires;
and a "working day" means any day which is not a Saturday or Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday or a bank holiday under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971.
(6) For the purposes of this section membership of a trade union for purposes unconnected with the employment in question shall be disregarded; but an employee who was a member of a trade union when he began to take part in industrial action shall continue to be treated as a member for the purpose of determining whether that action is unofficial in relation to him or another notwithstanding that he may in fact have ceased to be a member. "
.
(2) Nothing in section 13 of the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 prevents an act from being actionable in tort if the reason, or one of the reasons, for doing it is the fact or belief that an employer has dismissed one or more employees in circumstances such that by virtue of section 62A of the [1978 c. 44.] Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 (dismissal in connection with unofficial industrial action) they have no right to complain of unfair dismissal.
(3) Expressions used in subsection (2) above and the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 have the same meaning in that subsection as in that Act.
The Commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members
Proceedings in respect of which assistance may be provided.
10.—(1) Section 20 of the [1988 c. 19.] Employment Act 1988 (provision of assistance by the Commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members) applies to proceedings or prospective proceedings in the High Court or the Court of Session (or on an appeal therefrom to the Court of Appeal or the House of Lords) to the extent that the proceedings arise out of an alleged breach or threatened breach of the rules of a trade union relating to any of the following matters.
(2) Those matters are—
(a) the appointment or election of a person to, or the removal of a person from, any office;
(b) disciplinary proceedings by the union (including expulsion);
(c) the authorising or endorsing of industrial action;
(d) the balloting of members;
(e) the application of the union's funds or property;
(f) the imposition, collection or distribution of any levy for the purposes of industrial action;
(g) the constitution or proceedings of any committee, conference or other body.
(3) In subsection (2)(a) "office" includes any position by virtue of which a person is an official in relation to the trade union or is entitled to attend as a representative any meeting concerned with union business.
(4) In this section—
(a) "trade union", and "official" in relation to a trade union, have the same meaning as in the Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974; and
(b) references to the rules of a trade union include the rules of any branch or section of the trade union.
(5) The Commissioner shall not grant an application for assistance made by virtue of this section unless it appears to him—
(a) that the breach of rules in question affects, or may affect, members of the union other than the applicant, or
(b) that similar breaches of the rules have been or may be committed in relation to other members of the union.
(6) Nothing in this section affects the power of the Commissioner to provide assistance where he could do so apart from this section.
Title of proceedings where assistance provided.
11.—(1) Where a person is receiving assistance under section 20 of the Employment Act 1988 in relation to proceedings, there shall, if he so wishes, be added after his name in the title of the proceedings the words "(assisted by the Commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members)".
(2) The addition of those words shall not be construed as making the Commissioner a party to the proceedings or as liable to be treated as a party for any purpose; and the omission of those words shall be treated as an irregularity only and shall not nullify the proceedings, any step taken in the proceedings or any document, judgment or order therein.
(3) The above provisions apply to proceedings whether begun before or after the commencement of this section.
Miscellaneous
Consequential revision or revocation of Codes of Practice.
12.—(1) A Code of Practice to which this section applies may be revised by the appropriate authority in accordance with this section for the purpose of bringing it into conformity with subsequent statutory provisions by the making of consequential amendments and the omission of obsolete passages.
"Statutory provisions" here means provisions made by or under an Act of Parliament, and "subsequent" statutory provisions means provisions coming into force after the Code was issued (whether before or after the commencement of this section).
(2) The Codes of Practice to which this section applies are—
(a) those issued under section 3 of the [1980 c. 42.] Employment Act 1980, in relation to which the appropriate authority is the Secretary of State,
(b) those issued under section 6 of the [1975 c. 71.] Employment Protection Act 1975, in relation to which the appropriate authority is the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, and
(c) that having effect under paragraph 4 of Schedule 17 to that Act, in relation to which the appropriate authority is the Secretary of State.
(3) Where the Secretary of State proposes to revise a Code under this section, he shall lay a draft of the revised Code before each House of Parliament.
(4) Where the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service proposes to revise a Code under this section, it shall transmit a draft of the revised Code to the Secretary of State who shall—
(a) if he approves of it, lay the draft before each House of Parliament;
(b) if he does not approve of it, publish details of his reasons for withholding approval.
(5) If within the period of 40 days beginning with the day on which a copy of a draft is laid before each House of Parliament under subsection (3) or (4), or, if such copies are laid on different days, with the later of the two days, either House so resolves, no further proceedings shall be taken thereon, but without prejudice to the laying before Parliament of a new draft.
In reckoning the period of 40 days no account shall be taken of any period during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than four days.
(6) If no such resolution is passed the appropriate authority shall issue the Code in the form of the draft and it shall come into effect on such day as the Secretary of State may appoint by order made by statutory instrument.
(7) A Code of Practice to which this section applies may be revoked by the Secretary of State by order made by statutory instrument; but no such order shall be made—
(a) in the case of a Code in relation to which the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service is the appropriate authority, except at the request of the Service, and
(b) in any case, unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.
(8) If the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service requests the Secretary of State to revoke a Code of Practice in relation to which it is the appropriate authority and he decides not to do so, he shall publish details of his reasons for his decision.
(9) An order under subsection (6) or (7) may contain such transitional provisions and savings as appear to the Secretary of State to be appropriate.
Merger of Redundancy Fund with National Insurance Fund, &c.
13.—(1) The assets and liabilities of the Redundancy Fund shall become assets and liabilities of the National Insurance Fund and the Redundancy Fund shall cease to exist.
(2) The Secretary of State shall prepare an account (in such form as the Treasury may direct) showing the final state of the Redundancy Fund, and shall send a copy of it to the Comptroller and Auditor General who shall examine, certify and report on the account and lay copies of it and of his report before each House of Parliament.
(3) References to the Redundancy Fund in subordinate legislation (within the meaning of the [1978 c. 30.] Interpretation Act 1978) shall be construed as references to the National Insurance Fund.
(4) Section 105 of the [1978 c. 44.] Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 (power to make repayments where contributions paid in respect of certain employees not entitled to redundancy payment) shall cease to have effect.
Period during which children may be employed for work experience.
14.In section 1 of the [1973 c. 23.] Education (Work Experience) Act 1973 (work experience in the last year of compulsory schooling), in subsection (4) for the words from "a child is in his last year of compulsory schooling" to the end substitute "a child shall be taken to be in his last year of compulsory schooling from the beginning of the term at his school which precedes the beginning of the school year in which by virtue of section 9 of the Education Act 1962 he would be entitled to leave school.".
General
Financial provision.
15.There shall be paid out of money provided by Parliament any increase attributable to this Act in the sums so payable under any other Act.
Consequential amendments and repeals.
16.—(1) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 2 have effect with the amendments specified there, which are consequential on the provisions of this Act.
(2) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 3 are repealed to the extent specified there.
Northern Ireland.
17.—(1) An Order in Council under paragraph 1(1)(b) of Schedule 1 to the [1974 c. 28.] Northern Ireland Act 1974 (legislation for Northern Ireland in the interim period) which contains a statement that it is only made for purposes corresponding to the purposes of section 13 of this Act (merger of Redundancy Fund with National Insurance Fund, &c.) shall not be subject to paragraph 1(4) and (5) of that Schedule (affirmative resolution of both Houses of Parliament) but shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(2) Apart from this section, the provisions of this Act do not extend to Northern Ireland.
Short title and commencement.
18.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Employment Act 1990.
(2) The following provisions of this Act come into force on Royal Assent—
section 11 (title of proceedings where assistance given by Commissioner for Rights of Trade Union Members),
section 12 (revision or revocation of Codes of Practice),
section 14 (period during which children may be employed for work experience), and
sections 15 and 17 and this section (general ancillary provisions).
(3) The other provisions of this Act come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may appoint by order made by statutory instrument and different days may be appointed for different provisions.
(4) An order bringing into force any provision may contain such transitional provisions and savings as appear to the Secretary of State to be appropriate.
Employment Act 1990 is reproduced under the terms of Crown Copyright Policy Guidance issued by HMSO. Publishing Rights: Coddan CPM Core Licence (HMSO) number is C02W0007897 issued on 25 November 2005 by HMSO Licensing Division (Core Licence.pdf Licence to reproduce public sector information).
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