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  1. E-quick package
  2. Economy package
  3. Premier package
  4. Deluxe package
If you are thinking about setting up a business, and need it done quickly and easily with no additional requirements, then this package is the perfect choice.
This package is a cheap and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London for the duration of one year.
This package is a not expensive and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London and a nominee secretary for the duration of one year.
This package is one of the most cost effective and the efficient way to start a UK company, which includes a registered office address in London, a nominee secretary, and a nominee director for the duration of one year.
E-quick*
£32.00
Economy
£82.00
Premier
£207.00
Deluxe
£557.00
Private company limited by shares
No Annual Charges
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £50.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £175.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £525.00
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Further information

Private Company Limited by Shares:

  • A private company limited by shares in England and Wales must have at least one director, one shareholder, and may have a secretary.

  • You need at least one person to form this type of company. If there is only one director, and that director is a natural person in your company, that director can also act as the secretary.

  • A company must have at least one director who is a natural person. This requirement is met if the office of director is held by a natural person as a corporation sole or otherwise by virtue of an office.

  • You can register a sole director' company, if you are familiar with the secretaries duties and responsibilities, because all of them belongs to a sole director.

  • The directors and secretary of your company can also be shareholders.

  • The Companies Act imposes no restriction on the minimum age of company directors. However Companies House will actively discourage the appointment of anyone under the age of 16 from taking up a company directorship on the grounds that the individuals concerned may not fully understand the legal liabilities that go with the position and for the most part will not have the experience necessary to perform the duties of a company director.

  • Under the Companies Act 2006, there is no restriction on any or all of the members/shareholders being from an overseas country (i.e. outside the United Kingdom in terms of residency, domicile, citizenship, place of incorporation or all or any of those concepts).

  • There is no requirement for the officers of your company to be UK citizens or residents, nor for them to hold valid work permits.

  • Owning, or being an officer of a UK company does not, however, grant you any right to live or work in the UK if you are a foreign national.

  • Your company must have a registered office address within England or Wales; this is the official address of your company and will be on the public record as such.

  • Your company must hold its official company documents at its registered office address: its register of shareholders, and its constitutional documents.

  • So long as you maintain a registered office address in England or Wales, you can conduct your business from any place in the world: you do not have to run your business from your registered office address.

  • Coddan offers company formation, ready-made company registration for UK limited companies. We offer electronic filing enterprises & registering corporation services. In addition to business registrations, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, toll-free numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for UK limited companies. You are an accountant for whom company establishment is a frequent activity or an individual ordering your first company registrations. Start a company by incorporating or forming a LTD, PLC or LLP at Coddan. Learn about incorporation & how to incorporate your business online: register a business name, company registration, business registration numbers, company house web filing - business name registration check. Whether you start-up online, register London business or form a corporation Scotland, we can help you understand the business start-up process for filing LTD United Kingdom.
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    Incorporate or form an LLC – online: company registrar United Kingdom, limited company formations & corporation registration, electronically LLC online, very easy and informative. In addition to private companies Great Britain, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, 0870 numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for English companies. Information to help start, grow or manage a small business. If you are starting a business Edinburgh or starting own business Northern Ireland, read our starting business Republic of Ireland guide. Home business and small business training and ideas site to help you start Belfast, grow, and expand a home-based business or search for the work at home job right. An outline of the general steps for incorporation in Great Britain, explaining how to incorporate your business Dublin, from choosing where to incorporate your business. UK ready-made company formation services and company registrations online, our offices keep a stock of ready made companies, and would be happy to supply details on request. We offer offshore ready-made companies in different jurisdictions, readymade offshore companies also called as offshore shelf companies, shelf off-shore companies for sale: starting applying for a business name, business name registration partnership, grants for starting a business and starting a business from home.
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    Open company same-day and offshore setting-up services using our online starting-up service for Limited Liability Company Offshore companies. Start enjoying the tax benefits and personal liability protection that forming a corporation or Limited Liability Company (LLC) provides. Offshore company incorporation, offshore checking and offshore saving accounts, offshore time deposits, offshore mutual funds, offshore money market accounts and offshore asset protection provided by Coddan. Company formations, limited company formations, electronic incorporations, company formation agents, paperless company registrar, electronic companies filing, United Kingdom limited company, setting corporation Ireland, business incorporation Scotland, open company England, London company registration, electronic companies filing, British companies registrars, business consultants, company law, public limited company, plc, international companies, ltd, inc, limited liability, enterprise, organization, organization, tax, taxation, England, firm, partnership, trade, profession, contractors, business, private limited company, limited by shares, ready-made companies, readymade company, aged company, off the shelf company, shelf companies list.
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    Specializes in company registration and secretarial services. Provides list of shelf company, services and cost quotation, business name registration, company house direct, starting a business - sole trader business registration.

    This is actually a pretty good reason to incorporate in Delaware or Nevada. In fact, you could be a foreigner from Lebanon, never setting foot on American soil, form a Delaware corporation and no one would know who you are! However, many states will require the owners and/or officers and/or directors information while operating in that state (as a foreign corp.). Besides, how many small businesses require anonymity? Incorporate, incorporation, incorporating, incorporation services, incorporating services, incorporate Wyoming business online, incorporating Oregon business, New York LLC formation, Louisiana limited liability corporation, Texas articles of incorporation, Florida company incorporation, California non profit corporation, corporate name search offshore, BVI corporate name availability, Seychelles corporate name registration.
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    Learn about incorporation services UK and incorporate London online: starting your own business, business ideas, starting a business on ebay or buying a business with legal requirements for starting a business. Online England company formations, online company London W1 formation, Glasgow formation agent, Liverpool formations agent, Scottish companies house, forming a company Scotland, starting a business Wales, form a limited company Oxford, United Kingdom business registration agents, online Great Britain company registration. E-Business, small business, business structures defined: the limited liability company business structures defined: the limited liability company IRS treatment of the one-member LLC. An LLC with only one member / owner is automatically considered to be a sole proprietorship unless an election is made to be treated as a corporation. Thus, the sole member of an LLC will file (Form 1040), (U.S. Individual Income Tax Return), ideas for starting a business, grants for starting a business, starting a business from home, starting your own business - business ideas, starting a business on ebay, buying a business: legal requirements for starting a business, ideas for starting a business.
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    A business may be conducted by a company as an entity in its own right and comes into existence by incorporation under companies legislation which also regulates the running of the company and sets out the duties of its officers. In recent years trading trusts have been commonly used as the structure for carrying on a business with their main objective of tax minimization. A trust requires a trustee to act on behalf of a trust and it has been preferable to have a company newly incorporated to act as the trustee as it is believed that this limits the liability of the trust to the paid-up capital of the Trustee Company. A trust is formed by a gift or settlement being made to the trustee on behalf of the, as yet unformed, trust. A solicitor draws up a Trust Deed setting out the powers and formalizing the administration of the trust. The trust has beneficiaries rather than shareholders as in a company, who are entitled to distributions of capital and/or income and these distributions, are controlled by the trustee.
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    The distribution made to beneficiaries are subject to income tax as part of their personal income and are liable for provisional tax on these distributions. Citizens and residents of other countries may incorporate in the United Kingdom through the standard incorporation procedures set forth by each state. Provides UK company formations, trademark registration, registered office facilities and company secretary services. Professional company formation, register your company online, we may establish new business at one day. An online guide to starting up and expanding your business.
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    This is one of our most popular packages with worldwide customers, and includes: -

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  • Pomeniat' sro4no. Eto economy4 zvezdy. -

  • ECooonooomyy-4 zvezdy :-****
  • Premier blablabla 4 zvezdy. -

  • premier-4 zvezdy;)
  • Our Deluxe package is a fast and easy option, it is ideal for the UK, EU, and international small to medium businesses who wish to appoint a nominee director and a nominee secretary in order to maintain the anonymity of the real owner, and it includes: -

  • Incorporation of your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses in London, our nominee director and nominee secretary. We can appoint your own candidate(s) to the role of shareholder(s), or you can appoint a nominee sharholder provided by Coddan;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
    • The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
    • The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
    • The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);

    The following two hard bound copies of corporate documents, will be send by post to you upon formation of your private limited company: -

  • A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
  • Share certificates, and your company register;
  • The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director;
  • Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
  • The agreement for the provision of nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
  • 2 zdezda deluxe. -

  • 2 zdezda deluxe)
  • 3 zdezda deluxe. -

  • 3 zdezda deluxe
  • 4 zdezda deluxe -

  • 4444444
  • This is our most popular package with the UK residents, and includes: -

  • The registration of your company from scratch using your own registered office address, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
  • The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -

  • A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
  • The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
  • The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
  • Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
  • *If you do not have an a valid address in the UK, which can be used as the registered office address for your company, please check our Economy package. The non-UK address cannot be acceptable as the office address for the UK company.

    This is our most popular package with the UK and EU residents, and includes: -

  • The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
    • The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);

    The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -

  • A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
  • The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
  • The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
  • Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
  • This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -

  • The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The incorporation your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a members;
  • The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
  • The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
  • An original certificate of incorporation
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum & articles of association
  • The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
  • The provision of a nominee director for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);

  • To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
  • The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -

  • An original certificate of incorporation;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
  • A completed register of directors and members;
  • An elegant printed membership certificates;
  • A pliers seal.
  • The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
  • Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
  • The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
  • This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -

  • The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The registration your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint our own candidates to the role of a nominee director and a nominee member;
  • The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
  • The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
  • The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A local registered office address and a local registered agent for one year are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
  • The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
  • A completed register of directors and members
  • The provision of a nominee member for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee member service is charged annually);

  • To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
  • The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -

  • An original certificate of incorporation;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
  • A completed register of directors and members;
  • An elegant printed membership certificates;
  • A pliers seal.
  • Pre-signed, undated letters of resignation from a nominee director and a nominee member;
  • A general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
  • A declaration of trust from a nominee member;
  • An indemnity letter for the power of attorney;
  • A nominee agreement which provides for the indemnification of the nominees.
  • This is another one of our most popular packages for small and medium size businesses, such as those being run by a sole director from home, and for companies owned by overseas residents who still need a local registered office address, but would rather not open a local office in the UK;

    This package is often chosen by such customers, who are looking to minimise a sole director' personal liability (and who are not quite familiar with the UK corporate legislation), because this package includes thye provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months. This package is also includes: -

  • The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, and shareholder;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
    • The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
    • The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);

    The following hard bound copy of the corporate documents, will be send by post to you, upon formation of your private limited company: -

  • A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
  • Share certificates, and your company register.
  • This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -

  • The formation of a limited partnership usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The incorporation your BVI offshore limited partnership from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a general partner;
  • The government and initiation fees for registration are included in the price of this package;
  • The search for a limited partnership name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
  • The preparation and submission of the partnership agreement;
  • A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
  • The provision of a nominee limited partner for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee limited partner service is charged annually);

  • To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
  • The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your offshore company: -

  • An original certificate of incorporation;
  • A hard bound copy of the partnership agreement;
  • The minutes of the first meeting of the board of partners;
  • A completed register of partners;
  • An elegant printed membership certificates;
  • A pliers seal;
  • The general power of attorney signed by a nominee limited partner (additional fee applies);
  • Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee limited partner;
  • The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
  • This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -

    This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -

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    Organization Structures Business, Incorporate Your Business Online, Incorporation Services at Affordable Prices, Learn About Incorporating and How to IncorporateSetting up a Business in United Kingdom, Incorporatin Business, Forming an LLC, Incorporate online in Delaware, Nevada, London, Florida, New YorkCompany UK Formation, Online UK Company Formation Agents, Plus a Wide Range of Ready-Made Companies Available and Vintage CompaniesWhat are the Advantages of Incorporation? You Can Now Form Your UK Limited Company Online Using Our Company Registration AgentHow Do I Get Started With the Registration Process? Company Formation & Registration of Offshore Companies Incorporation ServiceUK Limited Company Formation and Offshore Companies Incorporation Service, We Provide Online New Company Formations and Offshore Readymade CorporationSetting up a Business in United Kingdom, Cheap IBC Incorporation Offshore Anonymous Banking Internet Offshore Bank AccountUK Company Formation, Online Company Registration Agent Offering Same-Day Company Formation, Business BankingServices Include Companies Formation and Administration, Trademark, Intellectual Property, Company Search ServicesAn On-Line Resource to Setting-Up a Private Limited Company Without Hiring a Solicitor or Formation AgenStarting a Business Information, Advice and Information for Starting a New Business in the UK Including UK Business Start-UpHelp in Starting Up a Business Up-to-Date Advice and Strategies, Start Your Own Business and Gain Your Independence!Incorporate a Business in Any State, London, Glasgow, Form an LLC, Conduct a Trademark Search OnlineSmall Business Resources for Starting a Small Business, Small Business Marketing
    Capital Allowances Act 2001
    2001 Chapter 2 - continued

    back to previous text
     
     CHAPTER 17
     ANTI-AVOIDANCE
     
    Relevant transactions
    213    Relevant transactions: sale, hire-purchase (etc.) and assignment
     
         (1) For the purposes of this Chapter, a person ("B") enters into a relevant transaction with another ("S") if-
     
     
      (a) S sells plant or machinery to B,
     
      (b) B enters into a contract with S providing that B shall or may become the owner of plant or machinery on the performance of the contract, or
     
      (c) S assigns to B the benefit of a contract providing that S shall or may become the owner of plant or machinery on the performance of the contract.
         (2) For the purposes of this Chapter, references to B's expenditure under a relevant transaction are references-
     
     
      (a) in the case of a sale within subsection (1)(a), to B's capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery by purchase,
     
      (b) in the case of a contract within subsection (1)(b), to B's capital expenditure under the contract so far as it relates to the plant or machinery, or
     
      (c) in the case of an assignment within subsection (1)(c), to B's capital expenditure under the contract so far as it relates to the plant or machinery or is by way of consideration for the assignment.
         (3) If-
     
     
      (a) B is treated under section 14 (use for qualifying activity of plant or machinery which is a gift) as having incurred capital expenditure on the provision of plant or machinery, and
     
      (b) the donor of the plant or machinery was S,
     B is to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as having incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery by purchasing it from S.
     
     
    Restrictions on allowances
    214    Connected persons
     
     Allowances under this Part are restricted under sections 217 and 218 if-
     
     
      (a) B enters into a relevant transaction with S, and
     
      (b) B and S are connected with each other.
    215    Transactions to obtain allowances
     
     Allowances under this Part are restricted under sections 217 and 218 if-
     
     
      (a) B enters into a relevant transaction with S, and
     
      (b) it appears that the sole or main benefit which (but for this section) might have been expected to accrue to B or S, or to any other party, from-
     
        (i) the relevant transaction, or
     
        (ii) transactions of which the relevant transaction is one,
     
      was obtaining an allowance under this Part.
    216    Sale and leaseback, etc.
     
         (1) Allowances under this Part are restricted under sections 217 and 218 if-
     
     
      (a) B enters into a relevant transaction with S, and
     
      (b) the plant or machinery-
     
        (i) continues to be used for the purposes of a qualifying activity carried on by S, or
     
        (ii) is used after the date of the transaction for the purposes of a qualifying activity carried on by S or by a person (other than B) who is connected with S, without having been used since that date for the purposes of any other qualifying activity except that of leasing the plant or machinery.
         (2) In this section-
     
     
      "the date of the transaction" means the date of the sale, the making of the contract or the assignment referred to in section 213(1)(a) to (c), and
     
      "qualifying activity" includes any activity listed in section 15(1) even if any profits or gains from it are not chargeable to tax.
    217    No first-year allowance for B's expenditure
     
         (1) If this section applies as a result of section 214, 215 or 216, a first-year allowance is not to be made in respect of B's expenditure under the relevant transaction.
     
         (2) Any first-year allowance which is prohibited by subsection (1), but which has already been made, is to be withdrawn.
     
         (3) If plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback (as defined in section 221) section 223 applies instead of this section.
     
    218    Restriction on B's qualifying expenditure
     
         (1) If this section applies as a result of section 214, 215 or 216, the amount, if any, by which B's expenditure under the relevant transaction exceeds D is to be left out of account in determining B's available qualifying expenditure.
     
     D is defined in subsections (2) and (3).
         (2) If S is required to bring a disposal value into account under this Part because of the relevant transaction, D is that disposal value.
     
         (3) If S is not required to bring a disposal value into account under this Part because of the relevant transaction, D is whichever of the following is the smallest-
     
     
      (a) the market value of the plant or machinery;
     
      (b) if S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the amount of that expenditure;
     
      (c) if a person connected with S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the amount of that expenditure.
         (4) If plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback (as defined in section 221), section 224 or 225 applies instead of this section.
     
     
    Finance leases
    219    Meaning of "finance lease"
     
         (1) In this Chapter "finance lease" means any arrangements-
     
     
      (a) which provide for plant or machinery to be leased or otherwise made available by a person ("the lessor") to another person ("the lessee"), and
     
      (b) which, under normal accountancy practice-
     
        (i) fall (or would fall) to be treated, in the accounts of the lessor or a person connected with the lessor, as a finance lease or a loan, or
     
        (ii) are comprised in arrangements which fall (or would fall) to be so treated.
         (2) For the purpose of applying subsection (1)(b), the lessor and any person connected with the lessor are to be treated as being companies which are incorporated in a part of the United Kingdom.
     
         (3) In this section "accounts", in relation to a company, includes any accounts which-
     
     
      (a) relate to two or more companies of which that company is one, and
     
      (b) are drawn up in accordance with-
     
        (i) section 227 of the Companies Act 1985 (c. 6), or
     
        (ii) Article 235 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 (S.I.1986/1032 (N.I.6)).
    220    Allocation of expenditure to a chargeable period
     
         (1) Subject to subsection (2), if a person incurs at any time in a chargeable period capital expenditure on the provision of plant or machinery for leasing under a finance lease-
     
     
      (a) the part of the expenditure which is proportional to the part of that chargeable period falling before that time is not to be taken into account in determining that person's available qualifying expenditure for that period, but
     
      (b) this does not prevent that part of the expenditure being taken into account in determining that person's available qualifying expenditure for any subsequent chargeable period.
         (2) Subsection (1)(a) does not apply to a chargeable period if a disposal event occurs in that period in respect of the plant or machinery.
     
     
    Sale and finance leasebacks
    221    Meaning of "sale and finance leaseback"
     
         (1) For the purposes of this section and sections 222 to 228, plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback if-
     
     
      (a) B enters into a relevant transaction with S,
     
      (b) after the date of the transaction, the plant or machinery-
     
        (i) continues to be used for the purposes of a qualifying activity carried on by S,
     
        (ii) is used for the purposes of a qualifying activity carried on by S or by a person (other than B) who is connected with S, without having been used since that date for the purposes of any other qualifying activity except that of leasing the plant or machinery, or
     
        (iii) is used for the purposes of a non-qualifying activity carried on by any person, without having been used since that date for the purposes of a qualifying activity except that of leasing the plant or machinery, and
     
      (c) it is directly or indirectly as a consequence of having been leased under a finance lease that the plant or machinery is available to be so used after that date.
         (2) In this section-
     
     
      "the date of the transaction" means the date of the sale, the making of the contract or the assignment referred to in section 213(1)(a) to (c),
     
      "non-qualifying activity" means any activity which is not a qualifying activity, and
     
      "qualifying activity" includes any activity listed in section 15(1) even if any profits or gains from it are not chargeable to tax.
    222    Disposal value restricted
     
         (1) If-
     
     
      (a) plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback, and
     
      (b) S is required to bring a disposal value into account under this Part because of the relevant transaction,
     the disposal value is whichever of the amounts in subsection (2) is the smallest.
     
         (2) The amounts are-
     
     
      (a) the disposal value that S would be required to bring into account apart from subsection (1);
     
      (b) the market value of the plant or machinery;
     
      (c) if S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the notional written-down value of that capital expenditure;
     
      (d) if a person connected with S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the notional written-down value of that capital expenditure.
         (3) The notional written-down value is-

    QE - A

    where-

    QE is the expenditure incurred by S, or the person connected with S, on the plant or machinery,

    A is the total of all allowances which could have been made to S, or the person connected with S, in respect of that expenditure if-

    (a) that expenditure had been qualifying expenditure,

    (b) that expenditure had been the only expenditure that had ever been taken into account in determining his available qualifying expenditure,

    (c) that expenditure had been treated as long-life asset expenditure only if it is in fact such expenditure, and

    (d) all allowances had been made in full.
     

         (4) This section does not apply if the finance lease or any transaction or series of transactions of which it forms a part makes provision such as is described in section 225(1) (sale and finance leasebacks: B's qualifying expenditure if lessor not bearing non-compliance risk).
     
    223    No first-year allowance for B's expenditure
     
         (1) If plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback, a first-year allowance is not to be made in respect of B's expenditure under the relevant transaction.
     
         (2) Any first-year allowance which is prohibited by subsection (1), but which has already been made, is to be withdrawn.
     
    224    Restriction on B's qualifying expenditure
     
         (1) If plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback the amount, if any, by which B's expenditure under the relevant transaction exceeds D is to be left out of account in determining B's available qualifying expenditure.
     
     D is defined in subsections (2) and (3).
         (2) If S is required to bring a disposal value into account under this Part because of the relevant transaction, D is that disposal value (determined in accordance with section 222).
     
         (3) If S is not required to bring a disposal value into account under this Part because of the relevant transaction, D is whichever of the following is the smallest-
     
     
      (a) the market value of the plant or machinery;
     
      (b) if S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the notional written-down value of that capital expenditure;
     
      (c) if a person connected with S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the notional written-down value of that capital expenditure.
         (4) In this section "the notional written-down value", in relation to expenditure incurred by a person on the provision of plant or machinery, has the meaning given by section 222(3).
     
         (5) This section does not apply if the finance lease or any transaction or series of transactions of which it forms a part makes provision such as is described in section 225(1).
     
    225    B's qualifying expenditure if lessor not bearing non-compliance risk
     
         (1) This section applies if plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback, and the finance lease, or any transaction or series of transactions of which it forms a part, makes provision which-
     
     
      (a) removes from the lessor the whole, or the greater part, of any risk, which would otherwise fall directly or indirectly on the lessor, of any person sustaining a loss if payments under the lease are not made in accordance with its terms, and
     
      (b) does so otherwise than by means of guarantees from persons connected with the lessee.
         (2) In such a case the following are not qualifying expenditure for the purposes of this Part -
     
     
      (a) B's expenditure under the relevant transaction;
     
      (b) if the lessor is a different person from B, the expenditure incurred by the lessor on the provision of the plant or machinery.
         (3) For the purposes of determining whether this section applies, the lessor and the persons connected with the lessor are treated as the same person.
     
    226    Qualifying expenditure limited in subsequent transactions
     
         (1) Subsection (2) applies if-
     
     
      (a) plant or machinery has been the subject of a sale and finance leaseback,
     
      (b) S was required to bring a disposal value into account under this Part because of the relevant transaction,
     
      (c) at any time after that event, a person ("P") becomes the owner of the plant or machinery as a result of incurring capital expenditure, and
     
      (d) P's allowances are not restricted by any other provision of this Chapter.
         (2) The amount of P's qualifying expenditure is limited to the sum of-
     
     
      (a) the amount given by section 222 as the amount of S's disposal value, and
     
      (b) so much of the actual amount of the expenditure as is treated as expenditure on the provision of plant or machinery under section 25 (building alterations connected with installation of plant or machinery).
     
    Sale and leaseback or sale and finance leaseback: election for special treatment
    227    Circumstances in which election may be made
     
         (1) Section 228 applies if-
     
     
      (a) B enters into a relevant transaction with S,
     
      (b) the plant or machinery-
     
        (i) is within section 216(1)(b) (sale and leaseback), or
     
        (ii) is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback (see section 221),
     
      (c) the conditions set out in subsection (2) are met, and
     
      (d) B and S elect that section 228 should apply.
         (2) The conditions are-
     
     
      (a) that S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery,
     
      (b) that the plant or machinery was unused and not second-hand at or after the time when it was acquired by S,
     
      (c) that the plant or machinery was acquired by S otherwise than as a result of a transaction to which section 217, 218, 223 or 224 applies,
     
      (d) that the relevant transaction is effected not more than 4 months after the first occasion on which the plant or machinery is brought into use by any person for any purpose, and
     
      (e) that S has not-
     
        (i) made a claim for an allowance under this Act in respect of expenditure incurred on the provision of the plant or machinery,
     
        (ii) made a tax return in which such expenditure is taken into account in determining his available qualifying expenditure for the purposes of this Part, or
     
        (iii) given notice of any such amendment of a tax return as provides for such expenditure to be so taken into account.
         (3) In subsection (2)(b) and (c), the references to the plant or machinery being acquired by S are, in a case where the relevant transaction between S and B falls within section 213(1)(c) (assignment), references to the making of the contract the benefit of which S assigns to B.
     
         (4) An election under this section-
     
     
      (a) must be made by notice to the Inland Revenue no later than 2 years after the date of the transaction, and
     
      (b) is irrevocable.
         (5) Nothing in-
     
     
      (a) section 42 of, or Schedule 1A to, TMA 1970 (claims and elections for income tax purposes), or
     
      (b) paragraphs 54 to 60 of Schedule 18 to FA 1998 (claims and elections for corporation tax purposes),
     applies to such an election.
     
         (6) In subsection (4) "the date of the transaction" means the date of the sale, the making of the contract or the assignment referred to in section 213(1)(a) to (c).
     
    228    Effect of election: relaxation of restriction on B's qualifying expenditure, etc.
     
         (1) The effect of an election under section 227 in relation to B is that subsections (2) and (3) apply instead of section 218 or 224 (restriction on B's qualifying expenditure).
     
         (2) The amount, if any, by which B's expenditure under the relevant transaction exceeds D is to be left out of account in determining B's available qualifying expenditure.
     
         (3) D is whichever of the following is the smaller-
     
     
      (a) if S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the amount of that expenditure;
     
      (b) if a person connected with S incurred capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, the amount of that expenditure.
         (4) Nothing in subsections (1) to (3) prevents section 225 from applying.
     
         (5) The effect of an election under section 227 in relation to S is-
     
     
      (a) that no allowance is to be made to S under this Act in respect of the capital expenditure on the provision of the plant or machinery, and
     
      (b) that the whole of that expenditure must be left out of account in determining the amount for any period of Ss' available qualifying expenditure for the purposes of this Part.
     
    Miscellaneous and supplementary
    229    Hire-purchase etc.
     
         (1) This section applies if-
     
     
      (a) a person carrying on a qualifying activity incurs capital expenditure on the provision of plant or machinery for the purposes of the qualifying activity, and
     
      (b) the expenditure is incurred under a contract providing that the person shall or may become the owner of the plant or machinery on the performance of the contract.
         (2) If-
     
     
      (a) the person assigns the benefit of the contract to another before the plant or machinery is brought into use, and
     
      (b) the circumstances are such that allowances to the assignee fall to be restricted under this Chapter,
     section 68(3) (disposal value where person ceases to be entitled to benefit of contract before plant or machinery brought into use) does not apply.
     
         (3) If the expenditure is incurred on the provision of plant or machinery for leasing under a finance lease-
     
     
      (a) section 67(3) (expenditure due to be incurred under contract treated as incurred when plant or machinery brought into use), and
     
      (b) section 68 (disposal values where person ceases to be entitled to benefit of contract),
     do not apply.
     
         (4) Subsection (5) applies if-
     
     
      (a) a person is treated under section 67(4) as ceasing to own plant or machinery, and
     
      (b) as a result of subsection (2) or (3), section 68(3) or (as the case may be) section 68 does not apply.
         (5) If this subsection applies-
     
     
      (a) the disposal value is the total of-
     
        (i) any relevant capital sums, and
     
        (ii) any capital expenditure that the person would have incurred if he had wholly performed the contract, but
     
      (b) the person is to be treated, for the purpose only of bringing the disposal value into account, as having incurred the capital expenditure mentioned in paragraph (a)(ii) in the relevant chargeable period.
         (6) "Relevant capital sums" means capital sums that the person receives or is entitled to receive by way of consideration, compensation, damages or insurance money in respect of-
     
     
      (a) his rights under the contract, or
     
      (b) the plant or machinery.
         (7) The relevant chargeable period, for the purposes of subsection (5)(b), is the chargeable period in which the person is treated under section 67(4) as ceasing to own the plant or machinery.
     
    230    Exception for manufacturers and suppliers
     
         (1) The restrictions in sections 217 and 218 do not apply in relation to any plant or machinery if-
     
     
      (a) the relevant transaction is within section 213(1)(a) or (b), and
     
      (b) the conditions in subsection (3) are met.
         (2) The restrictions in sections 222 to 225 do not apply in relation to any plant or machinery if-
     
     
      (a) the plant or machinery is the subject of a sale and finance leaseback which is within section 213(1)(a) or (b), and
     
      (b) the conditions in subsection (3) are met.
         (3) The conditions are that-
     
     
      (a) the plant or machinery has never been used before the sale or the making of the contract,
     
      (b) S's business, or part of S's business, is the manufacture or supply of plant or machinery of that class, and
     
      (c) the sale is effected or the contract made in the ordinary course of that business.
    231    Adjustments of assessments etc.
     
     All such assessments and adjustments of assessments are to be made as are necessary to give effect to this Chapter.
     
    232    Meaning of connected person
     
         (1) For the purposes of this Chapter one person is to be treated as connected with another if-
     
     
      (a) they would be treated as connected under section 839 of ICTA, or
     
      (b) they are to be treated as connected under subsection (2).
         (2) If-
     
     
      (a) a public authority has at any time acquired plant or machinery from another public authority otherwise than by purchase, and
     
      (b) it is directly or indirectly as a consequence of having been leased under a finance lease that the plant or machinery is available for any use to which it is put,
     the authority from whom the plant or machinery was acquired is to be treated, in relation to that plant or machinery, as connected with the acquiring authority and with every person connected with the acquiring authority.
     
         (3) In subsection (2), "public authority" includes the Crown or any government or local authority.
     
         (4) Subsection (2) does not apply in relation to section 219 (meaning of "finance lease").
     
    233    Additional VAT liabilities and rebates
     
     This Chapter needs to be read with sections 241 to 245 (provision for cases where a person involved in a relevant transaction or a sale and finance leaseback incurs an additional VAT liability or receives an additional VAT rebate).
     
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