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  1. E-quick package
  2. Economy package
  3. Premier package
  4. Deluxe package
If you are thinking about setting up a business, and need it done quickly and easily with no additional requirements, then this package is the perfect choice.
This package is a cheap and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London for the duration of one year.
This package is a not expensive and efficient way to begin business, and includes the provision of a registered office address in London and a nominee secretary for the duration of one year.
This package is one of the most cost effective and the efficient way to start a UK company, which includes a registered office address in London, a nominee secretary, and a nominee director for the duration of one year.
E-quick*
£32.00
Economy
£82.00
Premier
£207.00
Deluxe
£557.00
Private company limited by shares
No Annual Charges
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £50.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £175.00
Private company limited by shares
Annual Fee From: £525.00
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Further information

Private Company Limited by Shares:

  • A private company limited by shares in England and Wales must have at least one director, one shareholder, and may have a secretary.

  • You need at least one person to form this type of company. If there is only one director, and that director is a natural person in your company, that director can also act as the secretary.

  • A company must have at least one director who is a natural person. This requirement is met if the office of director is held by a natural person as a corporation sole or otherwise by virtue of an office.

  • You can register a sole director' company, if you are familiar with the secretaries duties and responsibilities, because all of them belongs to a sole director.

  • The directors and secretary of your company can also be shareholders.

  • The Companies Act imposes no restriction on the minimum age of company directors. However Companies House will actively discourage the appointment of anyone under the age of 16 from taking up a company directorship on the grounds that the individuals concerned may not fully understand the legal liabilities that go with the position and for the most part will not have the experience necessary to perform the duties of a company director.

  • Under the Companies Act 2006, there is no restriction on any or all of the members/shareholders being from an overseas country (i.e. outside the United Kingdom in terms of residency, domicile, citizenship, place of incorporation or all or any of those concepts).

  • There is no requirement for the officers of your company to be UK citizens or residents, nor for them to hold valid work permits.

  • Owning, or being an officer of a UK company does not, however, grant you any right to live or work in the UK if you are a foreign national.

  • Your company must have a registered office address within England or Wales; this is the official address of your company and will be on the public record as such.

  • Your company must hold its official company documents at its registered office address: its register of shareholders, and its constitutional documents.

  • So long as you maintain a registered office address in England or Wales, you can conduct your business from any place in the world: you do not have to run your business from your registered office address.

  • Coddan offers company formation, ready-made company registration for UK limited companies. We offer electronic filing enterprises & registering corporation services. In addition to business registrations, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, toll-free numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for UK limited companies. You are an accountant for whom company establishment is a frequent activity or an individual ordering your first company registrations. Start a company by incorporating or forming a LTD, PLC or LLP at Coddan. Learn about incorporation & how to incorporate your business online: register a business name, company registration, business registration numbers, company house web filing - business name registration check. Whether you start-up online, register London business or form a corporation Scotland, we can help you understand the business start-up process for filing LTD United Kingdom.
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    Incorporate or form an LLC – online: company registrar United Kingdom, limited company formations & corporation registration, electronically LLC online, very easy and informative. In addition to private companies Great Britain, we offer trademark registration, shareholder agreements, 0870 numbers, telephone answering, virtual office and company searches for English companies. Information to help start, grow or manage a small business. If you are starting a business Edinburgh or starting own business Northern Ireland, read our starting business Republic of Ireland guide. Home business and small business training and ideas site to help you start Belfast, grow, and expand a home-based business or search for the work at home job right. An outline of the general steps for incorporation in Great Britain, explaining how to incorporate your business Dublin, from choosing where to incorporate your business. UK ready-made company formation services and company registrations online, our offices keep a stock of ready made companies, and would be happy to supply details on request. We offer offshore ready-made companies in different jurisdictions, readymade offshore companies also called as offshore shelf companies, shelf off-shore companies for sale: starting applying for a business name, business name registration partnership, grants for starting a business and starting a business from home.
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    Open company same-day and offshore setting-up services using our online starting-up service for Limited Liability Company Offshore companies. Start enjoying the tax benefits and personal liability protection that forming a corporation or Limited Liability Company (LLC) provides. Offshore company incorporation, offshore checking and offshore saving accounts, offshore time deposits, offshore mutual funds, offshore money market accounts and offshore asset protection provided by Coddan. Company formations, limited company formations, electronic incorporations, company formation agents, paperless company registrar, electronic companies filing, United Kingdom limited company, setting corporation Ireland, business incorporation Scotland, open company England, London company registration, electronic companies filing, British companies registrars, business consultants, company law, public limited company, plc, international companies, ltd, inc, limited liability, enterprise, organization, organization, tax, taxation, England, firm, partnership, trade, profession, contractors, business, private limited company, limited by shares, ready-made companies, readymade company, aged company, off the shelf company, shelf companies list.
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    Specializes in company registration and secretarial services. Provides list of shelf company, services and cost quotation, business name registration, company house direct, starting a business - sole trader business registration.

    This is actually a pretty good reason to incorporate in Delaware or Nevada. In fact, you could be a foreigner from Lebanon, never setting foot on American soil, form a Delaware corporation and no one would know who you are! However, many states will require the owners and/or officers and/or directors information while operating in that state (as a foreign corp.). Besides, how many small businesses require anonymity? Incorporate, incorporation, incorporating, incorporation services, incorporating services, incorporate Wyoming business online, incorporating Oregon business, New York LLC formation, Louisiana limited liability corporation, Texas articles of incorporation, Florida company incorporation, California non profit corporation, corporate name search offshore, BVI corporate name availability, Seychelles corporate name registration.
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    Learn about incorporation services UK and incorporate London online: starting your own business, business ideas, starting a business on ebay or buying a business with legal requirements for starting a business. Online England company formations, online company London W1 formation, Glasgow formation agent, Liverpool formations agent, Scottish companies house, forming a company Scotland, starting a business Wales, form a limited company Oxford, United Kingdom business registration agents, online Great Britain company registration. E-Business, small business, business structures defined: the limited liability company business structures defined: the limited liability company IRS treatment of the one-member LLC. An LLC with only one member / owner is automatically considered to be a sole proprietorship unless an election is made to be treated as a corporation. Thus, the sole member of an LLC will file (Form 1040), (U.S. Individual Income Tax Return), ideas for starting a business, grants for starting a business, starting a business from home, starting your own business - business ideas, starting a business on ebay, buying a business: legal requirements for starting a business, ideas for starting a business.
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    A business may be conducted by a company as an entity in its own right and comes into existence by incorporation under companies legislation which also regulates the running of the company and sets out the duties of its officers. In recent years trading trusts have been commonly used as the structure for carrying on a business with their main objective of tax minimization. A trust requires a trustee to act on behalf of a trust and it has been preferable to have a company newly incorporated to act as the trustee as it is believed that this limits the liability of the trust to the paid-up capital of the Trustee Company. A trust is formed by a gift or settlement being made to the trustee on behalf of the, as yet unformed, trust. A solicitor draws up a Trust Deed setting out the powers and formalizing the administration of the trust. The trust has beneficiaries rather than shareholders as in a company, who are entitled to distributions of capital and/or income and these distributions, are controlled by the trustee.
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    The distribution made to beneficiaries are subject to income tax as part of their personal income and are liable for provisional tax on these distributions. Citizens and residents of other countries may incorporate in the United Kingdom through the standard incorporation procedures set forth by each state. Provides UK company formations, trademark registration, registered office facilities and company secretary services. Professional company formation, register your company online, we may establish new business at one day. An online guide to starting up and expanding your business.
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    This is one of our most popular packages with worldwide customers, and includes: -

  • EQUICK-4 zvezdy :-****
  • Pomeniat' sro4no. Eto economy4 zvezdy. -

  • ECooonooomyy-4 zvezdy :-****
  • Premier blablabla 4 zvezdy. -

  • premier-4 zvezdy;)
  • Our Deluxe package is a fast and easy option, it is ideal for the UK, EU, and international small to medium businesses who wish to appoint a nominee director and a nominee secretary in order to maintain the anonymity of the real owner, and it includes: -

  • Incorporation of your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses in London, our nominee director and nominee secretary. We can appoint your own candidate(s) to the role of shareholder(s), or you can appoint a nominee sharholder provided by Coddan;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
    • The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
    • The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);
    • The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);

    The following two hard bound copies of corporate documents, will be send by post to you upon formation of your private limited company: -

  • A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
  • Share certificates, and your company register;
  • The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director;
  • Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
  • The agreement for the provision of nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
  • 2 zdezda deluxe. -

  • 2 zdezda deluxe)
  • 3 zdezda deluxe. -

  • 3 zdezda deluxe
  • 4 zdezda deluxe -

  • 4444444
  • This is our most popular package with the UK residents, and includes: -

  • The registration of your company from scratch using your own registered office address, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
  • The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -

  • A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
  • The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
  • The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
  • Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
  • *If you do not have an a valid address in the UK, which can be used as the registered office address for your company, please check our Economy package. The non-UK address cannot be acceptable as the office address for the UK company.

    This is our most popular package with the UK and EU residents, and includes: -

  • The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, secretary (if needed), and shareholder;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
    • The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);

    The following documents, which need to be printed and signed, will be e-mailed to you upon formation of your company: -

  • A certificate of incorporation (requires PDF file reader);
  • The memorandum & articles of association (requires PDF file reader);
  • The first meeting of the board of directors (requires PDF file reader);
  • Share certificates and a company register (requires PDF file reader).
  • This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -

  • The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The incorporation your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a members;
  • The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
  • The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
  • An original certificate of incorporation
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum & articles of association
  • The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
  • The provision of a nominee director for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);

  • To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
  • The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -

  • An original certificate of incorporation;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
  • A completed register of directors and members;
  • An elegant printed membership certificates;
  • A pliers seal.
  • The general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
  • Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee director;
  • The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
  • This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -

  • The formation of a company limited by guarantee usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The registration your BVI company limited by guarantee from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint our own candidates to the role of a nominee director and a nominee member;
  • The government and initiation fees for incorporation are included in the price of this package;
  • The search for a company name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
  • The preparation and submission of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A local registered office address and a local registered agent for one year are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
  • The provision of a nominee director for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our nominee director service is charged annually);
  • A completed register of directors and members
  • The provision of a nominee member for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee member service is charged annually);

  • To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
  • The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your company limited by guarantee: -

  • An original certificate of incorporation;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • The minutes of the first meeting of the board of directors;
  • A completed register of directors and members;
  • An elegant printed membership certificates;
  • A pliers seal.
  • Pre-signed, undated letters of resignation from a nominee director and a nominee member;
  • A general power of attorney signed by a nominee director (additional fee applies);
  • A declaration of trust from a nominee member;
  • An indemnity letter for the power of attorney;
  • A nominee agreement which provides for the indemnification of the nominees.
  • This is another one of our most popular packages for small and medium size businesses, such as those being run by a sole director from home, and for companies owned by overseas residents who still need a local registered office address, but would rather not open a local office in the UK;

    This package is often chosen by such customers, who are looking to minimise a sole director' personal liability (and who are not quite familiar with the UK corporate legislation), because this package includes thye provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months. This package is also includes: -

  • The registration your company from scratch using one of our registered office addresses, and appoint your own candidates to the roles of director, and shareholder;
  • The standard capital on formation is £1.00, this is divided into 1.00 ordinary share valued at £1.00 (a minimum of one share must be issued);
  • The formation of a limited company usually takes as little as four to six hours from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The government fee for incorporation is included in the price of this package;
    • The provision of a registered office address for 12 months is included in the price of this package (our registered office address service is charged annually);
    • The provision of a nominee secretary for 12 months is also included in the price of this package (our nominee secretary service is charged annually);

    The following hard bound copy of the corporate documents, will be send by post to you, upon formation of your private limited company: -

  • A laminated copy of the certificate of incorporation of your company;
  • A hard bound copy of the memorandum and articles of association;
  • A hard bound copy of the minutes of the first meeting of directors;
  • Share certificates, and your company register.
  • This is another one very popular package with worldwide customers, and includes: -

  • The formation of a limited partnership usually takes as little as five to seven working days from the time that your application and payment are received by Coddan;
  • The incorporation your BVI offshore limited partnership from scratch using our registered agent & registered office address, and appoint your own candidate to the role of a general partner;
  • The government and initiation fees for registration are included in the price of this package;
  • The search for a limited partnership name availability, confirmation, and reservation;
  • The preparation and submission of the partnership agreement;
  • A local registered office address and a local registered agent for 12 months are included in the price of this package (our registered agent & office address service are charged annually);
  • The provision of a nominee limited partner for one year is also included in the price of this package (our nominee limited partner service is charged annually);

  • To receive an original of the certificate of incorporation from the Companies Registrar usually takes as little as two to three days from the time of incorporation.
  • The following hard bound copy of corporate documents, will be posted to you upon formation of your offshore company: -

  • An original certificate of incorporation;
  • A hard bound copy of the partnership agreement;
  • The minutes of the first meeting of the board of partners;
  • A completed register of partners;
  • An elegant printed membership certificates;
  • A pliers seal;
  • The general power of attorney signed by a nominee limited partner (additional fee applies);
  • Pre-signed, undated resignation letter from a nominee limited partner;
  • The agreement for the provision of a nominee service and indemnification of nominee.
  • This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -

    This is our most popular package with international customers, and includes: -

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    Organization Structures Business, Incorporate Your Business Online, Incorporation Services at Affordable Prices, Learn About Incorporating and How to IncorporateSetting up a Business in United Kingdom, Incorporatin Business, Forming an LLC, Incorporate online in Delaware, Nevada, London, Florida, New YorkCompany UK Formation, Online UK Company Formation Agents, Plus a Wide Range of Ready-Made Companies Available and Vintage CompaniesWhat are the Advantages of Incorporation? You Can Now Form Your UK Limited Company Online Using Our Company Registration AgentHow Do I Get Started With the Registration Process? Company Formation & Registration of Offshore Companies Incorporation ServiceUK Limited Company Formation and Offshore Companies Incorporation Service, We Provide Online New Company Formations and Offshore Readymade CorporationSetting up a Business in United Kingdom, Cheap IBC Incorporation Offshore Anonymous Banking Internet Offshore Bank AccountUK Company Formation, Online Company Registration Agent Offering Same-Day Company Formation, Business BankingServices Include Companies Formation and Administration, Trademark, Intellectual Property, Company Search ServicesAn On-Line Resource to Setting-Up a Private Limited Company Without Hiring a Solicitor or Formation AgenStarting a Business Information, Advice and Information for Starting a New Business in the UK Including UK Business Start-UpHelp in Starting Up a Business Up-to-Date Advice and Strategies, Start Your Own Business and Gain Your Independence!Incorporate a Business in Any State, London, Glasgow, Form an LLC, Conduct a Trademark Search OnlineSmall Business Resources for Starting a Small Business, Small Business Marketing
    Finance Act 2000
    2000 Chapter 17 - continued
    PART III, INCOME TAX, CORPORATION TAX AND CAPITAL GAINS TAX - continued
    Enterprise incentives - continued

    back to previous text
     
    Taper relief: taper for business assets.    66. - (1) Section 2A of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (taper relief) is amended as follows.
     
         (2) In subsection (5), for the first two columns of the table (which relate to gains on disposals of business assets) substitute-
     
     Gains on disposals of business assets
     
    Number of whole years in qualifying holding period
     
    Percentage of gain chargeable
     
    1
     
    87.5
     
    2
     
    75
     
    3
     
    50
     
    4 or more
     
    25
         (3) For subsections (8) and (9) substitute-
     
      This subsection is subject to paragraph 2(4) of Schedule A1 and paragraph 3 of Schedule 5BA.".
     
        "(8) The qualifying holding period of an asset for the purposes of this section is-
     
     
      (a) in the case of a business asset, the period after 5th April 1998 for which the asset had been held at the time of its disposal;
     
      (b) in the case of a non-business asset where-
     
        (i) the time which, for the purposes of paragraph 2 of Schedule A1, is the time when the asset is taken to have been acquired by the person making the disposal is a time before 17th March 1998, and
     
        (ii) there is no period which by virtue of paragraph 11 or 12 of that Schedule does not count for the purposes of taper relief,
     
      the period mentioned in paragraph (a) plus one year;
     
      (c) in the case of any other non-business asset, the period mentioned in paragraph (a).
         (4) This section applies to disposals on or after 6th April 2000.
     
    Taper relief: assets qualifying as business assets.    67. - (1) Schedule A1 to the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (application of taper relief) is amended as follows.
     
         (2) In paragraph 4 (conditions for shares to qualify as business assets)-
     
     
      (a) in sub-paragraph (4) (disposal by personal representatives), for the words following "if at that time" substitute "the relevant company was a qualifying company by reference to the personal representatives"; and
     
      (b) in sub-paragraph (5) (disposal by legatee), for paragraph (b) substitute-
     
      "(b) the relevant company was a qualifying company by reference to the personal representatives.".
         (3) In paragraph 5 (conditions for other assets to qualify as business assets)-
     
     
      (a) in sub-paragraph (2) (disposal by individual), for paragraphs (d) and (e) substitute-
     
      "(d) the purposes of any office or employment held by that individual with a person carrying on a trade.";
     and
     
     
      (b) in sub-paragraph (3) (disposal by trustees of settlement), for paragraphs (e) and (f) substitute-
     
      "(e) the purposes of any office or employment held by an eligible beneficiary with a person carrying on a trade.".
         (4) For paragraph 6 (companies which are qualifying companies) substitute-
     
     
    "6. - (1) A company shall be taken to have been a qualifying company by reference to an individual at any time when-
     
     
      (a) the company was a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and
     
      (b) one or more of the following conditions was met-
     
        (i) the company was unlisted,
     
        (ii) the individual was an officer or employee of the company, or of a company having a relevant connection with it, or
     
        (iii) the voting rights in the company were exercisable, as to not less than 5%, by the individual.
         (2) A company shall be taken to have been a qualifying company by reference to the trustees of a settlement at any time when-
     
     
      (a) the company was a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and
     
      (b) one or more of the following conditions was met-
     
        (i) the company was unlisted,
     
        (ii) an eligible beneficiary was an officer or employee of the company, or of a company having a relevant connection with it, or
     
        (iii) the voting rights in the company were exercisable, as to not less than 5%, by the trustees.
         (3) A company shall be taken to have been a qualifying company by reference to an individual's personal representatives at any time when-
     
     
      (a) the company was a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and
     
      (b) one or more of the following conditions was met-
     
        (i) the company was unlisted, or
     
        (ii) the voting rights in the company were exercisable, as to not less than 5%, by the personal representatives.".
         (5) In paragraph 22(1) (interpretation), at the appropriate place insert-
     
     
      ""unlisted company" means a company-
     
        (a) none of whose shares is listed on a recognised stock exchange, and
     
        (b) which is not a 51 per cent subsidiary of a company whose shares, or any class of whose shares, is so listed;";
     
      and omit the definitions of "full-time working officer or employee" and "qualifying office or employment".
         (6) After paragraph 22 insert-
     
      For the purposes of paragraph (b) above the shareholdings of members of a group of companies shall be treated as held by a single company.
      This sub-paragraph does not apply if the investing company is a holding company.
      This sub-paragraph does not apply if the joint venture company is a 51 per cent subsidiary of the investing company.
      This sub-paragraph does not apply if the joint venture company is a member of the group.
     

    "Qualifying shareholdings in joint venture companies
     23. - (1) This Schedule has effect subject to the following provisions where a company ("the investing company") has a qualifying shareholding in a joint venture company.
     
         (2) For the purposes of this paragraph a company is a "joint venture company" if, and only if-
     
     
      (a) it is a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and
     
      (b) 75% or more of its ordinary share capital (in aggregate) is held by not more than five companies.
         (3) For the purposes of this paragraph a company has a "qualifying shareholding" in a joint venture company if-
     
     
      (a) it holds more than 30% of the ordinary share capital of the joint venture company, or
     
      (b) it is a member of a group of companies, it holds ordinary share capital of the joint venture company and the members of the group between them hold more than 30% of that share capital.
         (4) For the purpose of determining whether the investing company is a trading company-
     
     
      (a) any holding by it of shares in the joint venture company shall be disregarded, and
     
      (b) it shall be treated as carrying on an appropriate proportion-
     
        (i) of the activities of the joint venture company, or
     
        (ii) where the joint venture company is the holding company of a trading group, of the activities of that group.
         (5) For the purpose of determining whether the investing company is a holding company-
     
     
      (a) any holding by it of shares in the joint venture company shall be disregarded, and
     
      (b) it shall be treated as carrying on an appropriate proportion of the activities-
     
        (i) of the joint venture company, or
     
        (ii) where the joint venture company is the holding company of a trading group, of that group.
         (6) For the purpose of determining whether a group of companies is a trading group-
     
     
      (a) every holding of shares in the joint venture company by a member of the group having a qualifying shareholding in that company shall be disregarded, and
     
      (b) each member of the group having such a qualifying shareholding shall be treated as carrying on an appropriate proportion of the activities-
     
        (i) of the joint venture company, or
     
        (ii) where the joint venture company is the holding company of a trading group, of that group.
         (7) In sub-paragraphs (4)(b), (5)(b) and (6)(b) above "an appropriate proportion" means a proportion corresponding to the percentage of the ordinary share capital of the joint venture company held by the investing company or, as the case may be, by the group member concerned.
     
         (8) The following shall be treated as having a relevant connection with each other-
     
     
      (a) the investing company;
     
      (b) the joint venture company;
     
      (c) any company having a relevant connection with the investing company;
     
      (d) any company having a relevant connection with the joint venture company by virtue of being-
     
        (i) a 51 per cent subsidiary of that company, or
     
        (ii) a member of the same commercial association of companies.
         (9) The acquisition by the investing company of the qualifying shareholding shall not be treated as a relevant change of activity for the purposes of paragraph 11 above.
     
         (10) For the purposes of this paragraph "ordinary share capital" has the meaning given by section 832(1) of the Taxes Act.".
     
         (7) This section has effect for determining whether an asset is a business asset at any time on or after 6th April 2000.
     
         It does not affect the determination on or after that date whether an asset was a business asset at a time before that date.
     
     
    Research and development
    Meaning of "research and development".    68. - (1) Schedule 19 to this Act (meaning of "research and development") has effect.
     
          In that Schedule-
     
     
      Part I contains a new definition of "research and development" for the purposes of the Tax Acts, and
     
      Part II contains consequential amendments.
         (2) The amendments in Part II of that Schedule have effect-
     
     
      (a) for the purposes of income tax and capital gains tax, in relation to the year 2000-01 and subsequent years of assessment, and
     
      (b) for the purposes of corporation tax, for accounting periods ending on or after 1st April 2000.
    Tax relief for expenditure on research and development.    69. - (1) Schedule 20 to this Act (tax relief for expenditure on research and development) has effect for accounting periods ending on or after 1st April 2000.
     
         In that Schedule-
     
     
      Part I provides for entitlement to relief,
     
      Part II provides for the manner of giving effect to the relief, and
     
      Part III contains supplementary provisions.
         (2) Schedule 21 to this Act (which contains consequential amendments) has effect accordingly.
     
     
    Capital allowances
    First year allowances for small or medium-sized enterprises.    70. - (1) In section 22(3D) of the Capital Allowances Act 1990 (expenditure qualifying for 40% first year allowances), for "in the period beginning with 2nd July 1998 and ending with 1st July 2000" substitute "on or after 2nd July 1998".
     
         (2) In that Act-
     
     
      (a) in section 22(3C)(a), (3CA)(a) and (3D)(a), for "a small company or a small business" substitute "a small or medium-sized enterprise";
     
      (b) in section 22A-
     
        (i) in the sidenote, for "small company or small business",
     
        (ii) in subsection (1) for "small company", and
     
        (iii) in subsection (2) for "small business",
     
      substitute "small or medium-sized enterprise".
         The amendments in this subsection are of nomenclature only.
     
    First year allowances for ICT expenditure by small enterprises.    71. - (1) In section 22 of the Capital Allowances Act 1990 (first-year allowances), after subsection (3D) insert-
     
     A. Computers and associated equipment This class covers-
      For this purpose "computer" does not include computerised control or management systems or other systems that are part of a larger system whose principal function is not processing or storing information.
     B. Other qualifying equipment This class covers-
      This is subject to any order under subsection (3H) below.
     C. Software This class covers the right to use or otherwise deal with software for the purposes of any equipment within Class A or B above.
     
        "(3E) This section applies to-
     
     
      (a) any expenditure on information and communications technology which, disregarding any effect of section 83(2) on the time at which it is to be treated as incurred, is incurred by a small enterprise in the period beginning with 1st April 2000 and ending with 31st March 2003; and
     
      (b) any additional VAT liability incurred in respect of expenditure to which this section applies by virtue of paragraph (a) above.
         (3F) For the purposes of subsection (3E) above expenditure on information and communications technology means expenditure on items within any of the classes set out in subsection (3G) below.
     
         (3G) The classes referred to in subsection (3F) above are as follows:
     
     
      (a) computers,
     
      (b) peripheral devices designed to be used by being connected to or inserted in a computer,
     
      (c) equipment (including cabling) for use primarily to provide a data connection-
     
        (i) between one computer and another, or
     
        (ii) between a computer and a data communications network,
     
      (d) dedicated electrical systems for computers.
     
      (a) wireless application protocol telephones,
     
      (b) third generation mobile telephones,
     
      (c) devices designed to be used by being connected to a television set that are capable of receiving and transmitting information from and to data networks, and
     
      (d) other devices substantially similar to those within paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) that are capable of receiving and transmitting information from and to data networks.
         (3H) The Treasury may make provision by order-
     
     
      (a) further defining the descriptions of equipment within Class B in subsection (3G), or
     
      (b) adding further descriptions of equipment to that class.".
         (2) In sections 22(4), (6B) and (6C), 23(6), 42(9) and 50(3) and (4A) of that Act, for "and (3D)" substitute ", (3D) and (3E)".
     
         (3) In sections 43(5), 44(5), 46(8) and 48(7) of that Act, for "or (3D)" substitute ", (3D) or (3E)".
     
         (4) In section 39(2)(a) of that Act for "to (3D)" substitute "to (3E)".
     
    Expenditure of a small enterprise.    72. After section 22A of the Capital Allowances Act 1990, insert-
     
     
    "Expenditure of a small enterprise.    22AA. - (1) For the purposes of section 22 capital expenditure incurred by a company is capital expenditure incurred by a small enterprise if the company-
     
      (a) qualifies as small in relation to the financial year of the company in which the expenditure is incurred, and
     
      (b) is not a member of a large or medium-sized group at the time when the expenditure is incurred.
         (2) For the purposes of section 22, capital expenditure is capital expenditure incurred by a small enterprise if-
     
     
      (a) it is incurred by a business for the purposes of a trade (the "first trade") carried on by that business, and
     
      (b) were the first trade carried on by a company (the "hypothetical company") in the circumstances set out in subsection (3) below, that company would qualify as small in relation to the financial year of that company in which the expenditure would be treated as incurred.
         (3) Those circumstances are-
     
     
      (a) that every trade, profession or vocation carried on by the business concerned is carried on by the business as a part of the first trade,
     
      (b) that the financial years of the hypothetical company coincide with the chargeable periods of the business concerned, and
     
      (c) that accounts of the hypothetical company for any relevant chargeable period were prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 1985 as if that period were a financial year of the company.
         (4) Subject to subsection (5) below, a company is a member of a large or medium-sized group at the time when any expenditure is incurred if -
     
     
      (a) it is at that time the parent undertaking of a group which does not qualify as small in relation to the financial year of the parent company in which that time falls; or
     
      (b) it is at that time a subsidiary undertaking in relation to the parent undertaking of such a group.
         (5) If, at the time when any expenditure is incurred by any company any arrangements exist which are such that, had effect been given to them immediately before that time, the company or a successor of the company would, at that time, have been a member of a large or medium-sized group, this section shall have effect as if the company concerned was a member of a large or medium-sized group at that time.
     
         (6) In this section the following expressions have the same meaning as in section 22A above: "arrangements", "business", "company", "financial year", "group", "parent undertaking" and "subsidiary undertaking".
     
         (7) References in this section, in relation to a company, to its qualifying as small-
     
     
      (a) except in the case of a company formed and registered in Northern Ireland, are references to its so qualifying, or being treated as so qualifying, for the purposes of section 247 of the Companies Act 1985; and
     
      (b) in the case of a company so formed and registered, are references to a company so qualifying, or being treated as so qualifying, for the purposes of Article 255 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986.
         (8) In relation to a company with respect to which the question arises whether it is or would be a member of a large or medium-sized group, references to a group's qualifying as small-
     
     
      (a) except in the case of a company formed and registered in Northern Ireland, are references to its so qualifying, or being treated as so qualifying, for the purposes of section 249 of the Companies Act 1985; and
     
      (b) in the case of a company so formed and registered, are references to its so qualifying, or being treated as so qualifying, for the purposes of Article 257 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986;
     but for the purposes of this section each of those provisions shall be construed as if references, in relation to a group, to the parent company were references to the parent undertaking.
     
         (9) For the purposes of this section a company is the successor of another if-
     
     
      (a) it carries on a trade which, in whole or in part, the other company has ceased to carry on, and
     
      (b) the circumstances are such that section 343 of the principal Act applies in relation to the two companies as the predecessor and the successor within the meaning of that section.".
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